Risk Appraisal by Novel Chaotic Globals to HRV in Subjects With Malnutrition

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the risk of dynamical diseases in malnourished children. This is achieved by the application of novel chaotic global techniques to the RR-intervals of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in the cohort. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an inexpensive and non-invasive tool to measure the autonomic impulses. Here there has been a decrease in chaotic response of HRV. Seventy children were divided into equal groups and the HRV monitored for 20-25 minutes. The Chaos Forward Parameter (CFP) which applies all three chaotic global parameters is suggested to be the most robust algorithm. These three parameters are high spectral entropy (hsEntropy), high spectral detrended fluctuation analysis (hsDFA) and spectral multi-taper method (sMTM). hsEntropy is a function of the irregularity of amplitude and frequency of the power spectrums peaks. It is derived by applying Shannon entropy to the multi-taper method power spectrum. To derive hsDFA we calculate the spectral adaptation in exactly the same way as for hsEntropy using an adaptive multi-taper method power spectrum with the same settings; but DFA rather than Shannon entropy is the algorithm applied. sMTM is the area between the multi-taper method power spectrum and the baseline. After Anderson-Darling and Lilliefors tests of normality; Kruskal-Wallis was used for the statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at (p < 0.01). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified two components representing 100% of total variance. Autonomic imbalance measured as HRV and an increased cardiovascular risk are described for overweight children as well as for malnourished and those with anorexia nervosa. The relationship between malnourishment and complexity measures is useful in the risk assessment of dynamical diseases associated with the condition. This is supportive in treatments, assisting the determination of the level of dietary or pharmacological intervention especially in related dynamical diseases.

Complexity of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Diabetes Mellitus: A New Technique to Perceive Autonomic Dysfunction

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Non-linear regulation of cardiac autonomic modulation in obese youths: interpolation of ultra-short time series

“…Globally, chaotic methods have hitherto been applied to RRintervals in obese children 31 or obese youths 7 and, malnourished children. 45 There have, thus far, been no studies enforcing the cubic spline interpolation on chaotic global methods. Few studies have assessed ultra-short time series of 125 RR-intervals with any metric.…”

Assessment of fetal development by HRV and chaotic global techniques

“…Additionally, there is an uneven distribution of measurements both with respect to gestational age and the number of acquisitions per subject. Correspondingly with regards to the chaotic global parameters, 12 they are only presented as single entities whereas in other studies 11,46,47 there have been seven different permutations of the three chaotic global techniques which we refer to as chaos forward parameters (CFP1 to CFP7).…”

“…We term three of these new spectral measures "chaotic globals" -high spectral entropy (hsEntropy) 11 , high spectral Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (hsDFA) 11 and spectral Multi-Taper Method (sMTM) 12 . They are DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.119258 "global" since founded on the application of the power spectrum to the whole dataset.…”