Risk and Resistance Factors for Psychological Distress in Icelandic Parents of Chronically Ill Children: An Application of Wallander and Varni’s Disability-Stress-Coping Model

Gudmundsdottir, Hulda; Gudmundsdóttir, Drifa Björk; Elklit, Ask

doi:10.1007/s10880-006-9025-8

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The forest plot for insecure attachment (Figure 2) shows that mean effect sizes for individual studies ranged from ̂ = -.36 (Guðmundsdóttir et al, 2006) to ̂ = .91 (Currier et al, 2012). 91% of effect sizes lie between ̂ = -.05 and ̂ = .57 showing that both Guðmundsdóttir et al (2006) and Currier et al (2012) are exceptions in the strength of effect size compared to other studies. The overall population effect size was a modest ̂ = .26 ( Table 2).…”

Section: Insecure and Secure Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxious attachment effect sizes ranged from ̂ = -.36 (Guðmundsdóttir et al, 2006) to ̂ = .59 (Cohen et al, 2011). The overall population effect size was a modest ̂ = .26 (Table 2).…”

Section: Anxious and Avoidant Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the traumatic event, and even the symptoms themselves, may change attachment style (Weinfield, Sroufe & Egeland, 2000;Zhang & Labouvie-Vief, 2004). Indeed, adult attachment styles have been found to be labile in some studies (Baldwin & Fehr,1995;Davila, Burge & Hammen, 1997;Guðmundsdóttir, Guðmundsdóttir & Elklit, 2006). Until a greater number of longitudinal studies have been published the causal underpinnings of the relationship between attachment style…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results suggest that secure attachment is associated with low PTSD symptoms (Alexander, 1993;Ghafoori, Hierholzer, Howsepian & Boardman, 2008;Ortigo, Westen, DeFife & Bradley, 2013), and insecure attachment is associated with higher PTSD symptoms (Clark & Owens, 2012;Scheidt et al, 2012;Solomon, Dekel & Mikulincer, 2008). However, a few studies do not find this (Elklit, 2009;Guðmundsdóttir, Guðmundsdóttir & Elklit, 2006) and publication bias may mean other null results have not been published. There is also debate over whether anxious or avoidant attachment styles most relate to PTSD symptoms, with some suggesting that avoidant attachment might protect against elevated levels of PTSD through use of defensive strategies and thought processes (Fraley et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between adult attachment style and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A meta-analysis

Woodhouse

Ayers

Field

2015

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

172

110

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There is increasing evidence that adult attachment plays a role in the development and perseverance of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This meta-analysis aims to synthesise this evidence and investigate the relationship between adult attachment styles and PTSD symptoms. A random-effects model was used to analyse 46 studies (N=9268) across a wide range of traumas. Results revealed a medium association between secure attachment and lower PTSD symptoms (ρˆ=-.27), and a medium association, in the opposite direction, between insecure attachment and higher PTSD symptoms (ρˆ=.26). Attachment categories comprised of high levels of anxiety most strongly related to PTSD symptoms, with fearful attachment displaying the largest association (ρˆ=.44). Dismissing attachment was not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. The relationship between insecure attachment and PTSD was moderated by type of PTSD measure (interview or questionnaire) and specific attachment category (e.g. secure, fearful). Results have theoretical and clinical significance.

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Section: Insecure and Secure Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxious attachment effect sizes ranged from ̂ = -.36 (Guðmundsdóttir et al, 2006) to ̂ = .59 (Cohen et al, 2011). The overall population effect size was a modest ̂ = .26 (Table 2).…”

Section: Anxious and Avoidant Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The relationship between adult attachment style and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A meta-analysis

Woodhouse

Ayers

Field

2015

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

172

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To manage stress related to their children's chronic diseases, parents have to make a greater effort referred to as coping. Guᵭmundsdóttir et al (2006) studied parents of chronically ill children to reveal mostly emotional coping in 30% of them, stress avoidance in 19% and rational coping in 8%. In families of children with diabetes, Auslander et al (1993) found one year after the diagnosis had been made that the most useful coping strategy leading to maintaining of family integration were cooperation in the family and an optimistic definition of the situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between the quality of life of children with chronic diseases, their parents' quality of life and family coping strategies

Sikorová¹,

Bužgová²

2016

Cent Eur J Nurs Midw

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Aim: The survey aimed at determining the associations between the quality of life of children with chronic diseases, the quality of life of their parents and coping strategies used in the family. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was performed as quantitative research using a questionnaire survey in chronically ill children (n = 288) aged 2-12 years and their parents. The following instruments were used: Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Family Impact Module and Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales. Results: The association between the quality of life of diabetic children and their parents' quality of life, family functioning and the impact of the illness on the family was weak. Children with diabetes had the highest quality of life but the quality of life of their parents was lowest among all disease groups in the study. The lowest overall quality of life of children was noted among those with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The strongest positive associations between internal coping strategies (i.e. reframing and passive appraisal) and children's and parents' quality of life was observed in the families of children with asthma. Conclusions: The weak association between children's and parents' quality of life and coping strategies pointed to their low effectiveness. The results suggest that relevant interventions should be used that promote selection of new coping strategies.

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Caregiving Burden and Parent–Child Quality of Life Outcomes in Neurodevelopmental Conditions: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Disengagement

Carona

Silva

Crespo

et al. 2014

J Clin Psychol Med Settings

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. (2014). Caregiving burden and parent-child quality of life outcomes in neurodevelopmental conditions: The mediating role of behavioral disengagement. Setttings, 21, 320-328. doi: 10.1007/s10880-014-9412-5 Caregiving Method. Self-completion questionnaires on the target variables were administered to a sample of 156 parents who had a child with a neurodevelopmental condition, namely epilepsy (n = 65) and cerebral palsy (n = 91). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test a mediation model and ascertain direct and indirect effects among study variables. Journal of Clinical Psychology in MedicalResults. Significant direct effects of caregiving burden on parents' and their children's QL were found. Additionally, caregiving burden had a significant indirect effect on parents' QL, via behavioral disengagement, but not on their children's QL. Finally, this model was found to be invariant across conditions and patients' age groups. Conclusions.Caregiving burden may be elected as a strategic intervention target to improve parent-child QL outcomes in neuropediatric settings. Parents should be encouraged to avoid or reduce behavioral disengagement coping in relation to their caregiving stress, and alternatively adopt active coping strategies that may positively affect their children's QL and impede or attenuate the deleterious effects of caregiving burden on their own QL. Keywords.Caregiving burden, quality of life, behavioral disengagement.Caring for a child with a neurodevelopmental condition is a particularly challenging parenting situation, because the increased levels of caregiving stress may exert negative effects on parents' and their children's adaptation outcomes (Garner et al., 2011; Peer, 2011). Given the fact that coping strategies can facilitate or hinder positive family adaptation to caregiving stress (Lin, 2000), the examination of parents' coping behaviors, such as behavioral disengagement, may be useful to improve our understanding of modifiable variables linking parent-child stressors and outcomes. In addition, empirical data on this topic will contribute to develop effective interventions aimed at promoting the successful coping and adjustment of parents and their children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Families and parents of children with chronic conditions are at greater risk for increased stress and decreased quality of life (QL), if compared to families of typically developing children (Brehaut et al., 2004;Raina et al., 2005). Moreover, the risk for psychological problems, which, along with caregiving demands, are strong predictors of caregivers' psychological well-being (Raina et al., 2005), is exacerbated in children who have conditions that affect the central nervous system, especially seizure disorders, and in adolescents who have a long-term physical disability, such as cerebral palsy (CCD & CPACFH, 1993).Within the "disability-stress-coping model", psychosocial stresses (such as caregiving burden) are hypothesized to influence adaptation outcomes in both direct and indirec...

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Risk and Resistance Factors for Psychological Distress in Icelandic Parents of Chronically Ill Children: An Application of Wallander and Varni’s Disability-Stress-Coping Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

The relationship between adult attachment style and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A meta-analysis

The relationship between adult attachment style and post-traumatic stress symptoms: A meta-analysis

Associations between the quality of life of children with chronic diseases, their parents' quality of life and family coping strategies

Caregiving Burden and Parent–Child Quality of Life Outcomes in Neurodevelopmental Conditions: The Mediating Role of Behavioral Disengagement

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