Rise of a Cybered Westphalian Age: The Coming Decades

Demchak, Chris C.; Dombrowski, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55007-2_5

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While it seems fairly clear that traditional media began to fill some dependency gaps during this period, the interviews reported here especially speak to not treating national-level changes as monolithic or in oversimplified terms. The eventual -and still being negotiated -outcome in the Egyptian case also suggests that movements no longer exist in only physical terms but also in online spaces that can potentially be separated and fragmented (Demchak and Dombrowski, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting and observing: A cross-methodological consideration of Internet and mobile phone diffusion in the Egyptian revolt

Groshek

2012

International Communication Gazette

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This study examines the Egyptian revolt (see Zhuo et al., 2011) of January/February 2011 from two discrete perspectives. The first perspective is a contextual marker that takes into account long-term and forecast trends in democracy from 1952 through 2011. The second perspective reports the opinions and viewpoints of Egyptian citizens living in a remote fishing village and resort town through impromptu in-person interviews conducted between 23 and 30 January 2011. The statistical findings evidence that the Internet and mobile phones have helped to facilitate sociopolitical instability and democratic change over time, while the personal interviews paradoxically suggest circumspection in making generalizations about how these events have proceeded across a large population and through a period of tightly suppressed communication when Internet access was shut down. Taken together, characterizing the events in Egypt as having been just a social media revolution therefore appears to misrepresent the evolution of political change in the country through this time period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting and observing: A cross-methodological consideration of Internet and mobile phone diffusion in the Egyptian revolt

Groshek

2012

International Communication Gazette

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“…There is so much development and interest at stake for a nation's security that the establishment and control of "cyber borders" is an important step toward insuring protection of their critical infrastructure from cyber based threats. 55 Related to responsibility and liability is the problem of attribution. The level of difficulty in carrying out cyber-attacks and probability of getting caught must be raised higher.…”

Section: Proposals For Addressing the Misbehaviour Of States In Cybermentioning

confidence: 99%

National Security and International Policy Challenges in a Post Stuxnet World

Butrimas¹

2014

Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review

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The international community has focused too much on addressing cybercrime and cyber hacktivist questions. The list of usual suspects responsible for cyber incidents associated with attacks involving the theft of intellectual property, sensitive private data, money and disruption of web services unfortunately has grown beyond the attention seeking student hacker, cybercriminal or social hacktivist. The public appearance of the Stuxnet family of malware designed to destroy specifically targeted critical infrastructure components in June of 2010 gave perhaps the first indication that States have entered cyberspace as one of the perpetrators of malicious cyber activity. The problem of States actively preparing and executing cyber-attacks against the critical infrastructures of other States has been largely ignored by the international community. These attacks raise national security issues concerning threats to the economic and social well-being of States. However the pervasive presence of cyber space as the common environment where all modern industrial processes take place and the interrelations developed among the critical infrastructure of other States raise cross-border security issues as well. The international community must act in order to insure that the use of this new weapon by States will not get out of hand and be the cause of new and more serious international conflicts. Three solutions and a possible model are proposed to manage this disruptive activity of States in cyberspace at the international level.

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“…8.E.g., Buchanan 2016; Choucri 2012; Demchak and Dombrowski 2011; Gartzke 2013; Kello 2017; Lindsay 2013; Rid 2013; Valeriano and Maness 2015. A wider array of approaches has also emerged, relating cybersecurity to Internet governance (DeNardis 2014; Raymond and DeNardis 2015), securitization (Hansen and Nissenbaum 2009), Science and Technology Studies (Dunn Cavelty 2018), norm development (Finnemore and Hollis 2016), history (Healey 2013; Warner 2012), territoriality (Herrera 2007; Lambach 2020; Sheniak 2014), and language (Dunn Cavelty 2013; Lawson 2020; Lupovici 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…163.E.g., Gartzke and Lindsay 2015 on deception in communication networks, or Demchak and Dombrowski (2011, 35) on the Internet as a “substrate.”…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What's in a Name? Metaphors and Cybersecurity

Branch¹

2020

Int Org

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For more than a decade, the United States military has conceptualized and discussed the Internet and related systems as “cyberspace,” understood as a “domain” of conflict like land, sea, air, and outer space. How and why did this concept become entrenched in US doctrine? What are its effects? Focusing on the emergence and consolidation of this terminology, I make three arguments about the role of language in cybersecurity policy. First, I propose a new, politically consequential category of metaphor: foundational metaphors, implied by using particular labels rather than stated outright. These metaphors support specific ways to understand complex issues, provide discursive resources to some arguments over others, and shape policy contestation and outcomes. Second, I present a detailed empirical study of US military strategy and doctrine that traces the emergence and consolidation of terminology built on the “cyberspace domain.” This concept supported implicit metaphorical correspondences between the Internet and physical space, yielding specific analogies and arguments for understanding the Internet and its effects. Third, I focus on the rhetorical effects of this terminology to reveal two important institutional consequences: this language has been essential to expanding the military's role in cybersecurity, and specific interests within the Department of Defense have used this framework to support the creation of US Cyber Command. These linguistic effects in the United States also have implications for how other states approach cybersecurity, for how international law is applied to cyber operations, and for how International Relations understands language and technological change.

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Rise of a Cybered Westphalian Age: The Coming Decades

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Forecasting and observing: A cross-methodological consideration of Internet and mobile phone diffusion in the Egyptian revolt

Forecasting and observing: A cross-methodological consideration of Internet and mobile phone diffusion in the Egyptian revolt

National Security and International Policy Challenges in a Post Stuxnet World

What's in a Name? Metaphors and Cybersecurity

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