Ring resonator-based electrooptic polymer traveling-wave modulator

Tazawa, Hidehisa; Kuo, Ying-Hao; Dunayevskiy, Ilya; Luo, Jingdong; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.; Fetterman, Harold R.; Steier, William H.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.878514

Cited by 97 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This design is shown in Fig. 3, along with the more conventional electrode geometry used by Tazawa et al [14]. One might doubt, incidentally, that a nonlinear polymer, however active, could change its effective index by as much as is implied by this figure.…”

Section: Proposed Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Conventional electrode designs where the optical mode is nearly entirely contained in the polymer often approach this value [14].…”

Section: Waveguide Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is useful to begin by noting the performance of a conventional polymer modulator device, which was realized by Tazawa et al [14]. By solving for the mode that the specified geometry would support, a γ of .026 μ m -1 is obtained.…”

Section: Previously Realized Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, simply moving the drive electrodes closer together will have the effect of enhancing a V π -L for a modulator. However, conventional polymer-based device geometries have typically involved metal or Indium-Tin-oxide electrodes, which must be isolated from the optical mode field [14]. Our proposed class of modulator structures circumvents this limitation by utilizing the fact that a slot waveguide [15] is formed of two distinct silicon ridges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a millivolt optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides

Hochberg¹,

Baehr-Jones²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

Opt. Express

127

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Abstract:We describe a class of modulator design involving slot waveguides and electro-optic polymer claddings. Such geometries enable massive enhancement of index tuning when compared to more conventional geometries. We present a semi-analytic method of predicting the index tuning achievable for a given geometry and electro-optic material. Based on these studies, as well as previous experimental results, we show designs for slot waveguide modulators that, when realized in a Mach-Zehnder configuration, will allow for modulation voltages that are orders of magnitude lower than the state of the art. We also discuss experimental results for nano-slot waveguides. high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor," Nature 427, 615-618 (2004). 13. J. J. Whelehan, "Low-noise amplifiers-then and now," IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory Techniques 50, 806-813 (2002).

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Section: Proposed Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Conventional electrode designs where the optical mode is nearly entirely contained in the polymer often approach this value [14].…”

Section: Waveguide Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previously Realized Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Towards a millivolt optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides

Hochberg¹,

Baehr-Jones²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

Opt. Express

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are two general structures to implement ultrafast polymer modulators: the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) [17,18] and the microring-resonator [19][20][21] based structure. Traveling wave MZI polymer modulators require several millimeters of optical path (or even ~ 1 cm) to achieve the desired phase shift, which brings phase matching problems to the RF design because the electrode length is comparable to RF wavelength.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of ultra-compact polymer modulators based on silicon photonic crystal ring resonators

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Ultra-compact polymer modulators were proposed and simulated, based on the hybrid integration of functional polymer materials with Si based photonic-crystal ring resonators (PCRRs). The simulations were carried out on device characteristics with an effective ring radius of 2.3 µm and tunable polymer index from 1.785 to 1.805. Investigating the loss, the cavity quality factor Q, and the free spectral range of such PCRRs, we found a 0.02 dB intrinsic loss that is independent of diameter, unlike the loss that varies inversely with diameter in microstrip resonators. Close to 100% drop efficiency at the drop channel of 1557.5 nm was obtained by design with a high spectral selectivity of Q greater than 1319 in the single-ring PCRR-based add-drop filters with ring radius of 1.2 µm.

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Electro‐optic polymer/titanium dioxide hybrid core ring resonator modulators

Qiu

Spring

et al. 2013

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Compact electro‐optic (EO) modulators are desirable for a number of applications. In this study, a ring modulator has been fabricated in the titanium dioxide (TiO2) core and EO polymer cladding waveguide structure. A 250‐nm thick TiO2 core was utilized to minimize the ring radius down to 100 μm, to avoid using the top cladding between the EO polymer and the electrode, and to improve the poling efficiency. The resonance obtained by the ring modulator was observed to shift by 0.02 nm/V due to the enhanced in‐device EO coefficient of 105 pm/V. A modulation depth of 3 dB was observed at the frequency response function at 20 kHz using 2‐V Vp–p clock signal.

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Ring resonator-based electrooptic polymer traveling-wave modulator

Cited by 97 publications

References 17 publications

Towards a millivolt optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides

Towards a millivolt optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides

Characteristics of ultra-compact polymer modulators based on silicon photonic crystal ring resonators

Electro‐optic polymer/titanium dioxide hybrid core ring resonator modulators

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