Abstract:Numerous academics worldwide are interested in utilizing waste as a resource to produce an epoxide. Epoxidation/ring‐opening of oxirane is a common method for producing polyols from vegetable oil. This study examined the effect of the catalyst type and loading on the ring opening of epoxide groups by utilizing performic acid generated in situ. The outcomes demonstrated that the zeolite catalyst at 0.2 g loading produced the highest conversion of oxirane (RCO%). The FTIR data showed that the epoxy ring group‘s … Show more
“…This ensures a more uniform distribution of reactants, leading to improved reaction efficiency and higher reaction rates. 22 The value of RCO that using 300 rpm is slightly lower than 400 rpm shows that agitation speed has the least significant impact on reaction rate.Figure 3.Effect of agitation speed (RPM) on the RCO. Conditions: hydorgen peroxide: canola oil molar ratio, 2:1; temperature: 65°C.…”
Canola oil can serve as a substitute for polyol in the production of eco-friendly polyurethane. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for the epoxidation of canola oil via the Taguchi optimization method. To date, there is no published work on optimization of process parameters for epoxidized canola oil production using the Taguchi method. In this study, the epoxidation of canola oil was performed using in situ-generated peracetic acid. Peracetic acid was formed by the reaction between acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst. The highest conversion to oxirane of 85% was achieved at a ratio of 2:1 of hydrogen peroxide to canola oil, a temperature of 65°C, and a stirring speed of 400 rpm. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization reveals the presence of the oxirane ring group, identified at a wavenumber of 1150 cm−1. Employing particle swarm numerical simulations, the results exhibit excellent agreement with the experimental data, thereby confirming the accuracy and validity of the kinetic model.
“…This ensures a more uniform distribution of reactants, leading to improved reaction efficiency and higher reaction rates. 22 The value of RCO that using 300 rpm is slightly lower than 400 rpm shows that agitation speed has the least significant impact on reaction rate.Figure 3.Effect of agitation speed (RPM) on the RCO. Conditions: hydorgen peroxide: canola oil molar ratio, 2:1; temperature: 65°C.…”
Canola oil can serve as a substitute for polyol in the production of eco-friendly polyurethane. The aim of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for the epoxidation of canola oil via the Taguchi optimization method. To date, there is no published work on optimization of process parameters for epoxidized canola oil production using the Taguchi method. In this study, the epoxidation of canola oil was performed using in situ-generated peracetic acid. Peracetic acid was formed by the reaction between acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst. The highest conversion to oxirane of 85% was achieved at a ratio of 2:1 of hydrogen peroxide to canola oil, a temperature of 65°C, and a stirring speed of 400 rpm. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization reveals the presence of the oxirane ring group, identified at a wavenumber of 1150 cm−1. Employing particle swarm numerical simulations, the results exhibit excellent agreement with the experimental data, thereby confirming the accuracy and validity of the kinetic model.
“…However, suppose the equilibrium balance favors performic acid creation is not achieved. In that case, performic acid breaks down, leading to a decrease in its concentration and an increase in the water content of the reaction system 20 . Thus, the catalyst is crucial in achieving the highest rate and conversion.…”
Epoxides were primarily derived from petroleum-based sources. However, there has been limited research on optimizing the process parameters for epoxidized palm oil-derived oleic acid, resulting in its underutilization. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the catalytic epoxidation of palm oleic acid concerning the oxirane content by applying ion exchange resin as a catalyst. Epoxidized oleic acid was produced using in-situ-formed performic acid by combining formic acid as the oxygen carrier with hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen donor. The findings revealed that the optimal reaction conditions for producing epoxidized oleic acid with the highest oxirane content were an Amberlite IR-120 catalyst loading of 0.9 g, a molar ratio of formic acid to oleic acid of 1:1., and a molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to oleic acid of 1:1.1. By employing these optimal conditions, the maximum relative conversion of palm oleic acid to oxirane was achieved at 85%. The reaction rate constants (k) based on the optimized epoxidized oleic acid are determined as follows: k11 = 20 mol L−1 min−1, k12 = 2 mol L−1 min−1, and k2 = 20 mol L−1 min−1. The findings validated the kinetic model by showing good agreement between the simulation and experimental data.
“…The following assumption served as the foundation for the kinetic model of oleic acid epoxidation: (1) single-phase process means that all reactants and products are present in the same phase, (2) no spatial variations in reactant or product concentrations. Equations ( 4)- (6) show the reaction of oleic acid to form DHSA.…”
Section: Kinetic Modelling Of Epoxidationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5 In addition to the environmental benefits, epoxidation of vegetable oils also offers several advantages in terms of their material properties. 6 Vegetable oil-based epoxy resins can provide comparable or even superior performance to petroleum-based resins, and they can also offer benefits in terms of their processing costs, biodegradability, energy consumption, and safety. 7 Epoxidation is crucial because it may be used to create a variety of industrially essential chemicals, including plasticizers and stabilizers for PVC resins, polyesters, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, and surface coatings.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vegetable oils are renewable, sustainable, and biodegradable sources of raw material, and the epoxidation of these oils can provide a greener, cleaner, and more affordable alternative to petroleum‐based epoxidized resins 5 . In addition to the environmental benefits, epoxidation of vegetable oils also offers several advantages in terms of their material properties 6 . Vegetable oil‐based epoxy resins can provide comparable or even superior performance to petroleum‐based resins, and they can also offer benefits in terms of their processing costs, biodegradability, energy consumption, and safety 7 …”
Epoxidized oleic acid was considered a more sustainable alternative to traditional plasticizers such as phthalates, which have been linked to potential health and environmental hazards. This study aims to synthesize and characterize the formation of dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) from the ring opening of epoxidized oleic acid. The optimal reaction parameters to produce DHSA were found using sulfuric acid as catalyst in which the maximum relative conversion was reached up to 86%. The detection of hydroxyl group was using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Then, a mathematical model was developed using MATLAB software, and as a result the kinetic model provided a good description of the reaction process, and it could be used to predict the behavior of the reaction under different conditions. Overall, the optimal reaction conditions and the maximum relative conversion of palm oleic acid to oxirane, are important contributions to the field of green chemistry.
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