Rift Valley Fever: One Health at Play?

Lancelot, Renaud; Cêtre-Sossah, Catherine; Hassan, Osama Ahmed; Barry, Yahya; Elmamy, Bezeid Ould; Fall, Assane Guèye; Lô, Modou Moustapha; Apolloni, Andrea; Arsevska, Elena; Chevalier, Véronique

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25385-1_8

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Movements of infected animals from endemic regions with year-long presence of mosquitoes, can (re)introduce the virus to more seasonal ecosystems, in a source-sink fashion. Trade-related introductions and outbreaks are frequently associated with large gatherings, whereby large numbers of potentially infected animals are brought in for slaughter [12,34,35]. Despite the recognition of the underlying factors, the complexity of the dynamics together with a scarcity in data hamper actionable risk assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over 100 Years of Rift Valley Fever: A Patchwork of Data on Pathogen Spread and Spillover

et al. 2021

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During the past 100 years, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus, has caused potentially lethal disease in livestock, and has been associated with significant economic losses and trade bans. Spillover to humans occurs and can be fatal. Here, we combined data on RVF disease in humans (22 countries) and animals (37 countries) from 1931 to 2020 with seroprevalence studies from 1950 to 2020 (n = 228) from publicly available databases and publications to draw a more complete picture of the past and current RVFV epidemiology. RVFV has spread from its original locus in Kenya throughout Africa and into the Arabian Peninsula. Throughout the study period seroprevalence increased in both humans and animals, suggesting potentially increased RVFV exposure. In 24 countries, animals or humans tested positive for RVFV antibodies even though outbreaks had never been reported there, suggesting RVFV transmission may well go unnoticed. Among ruminants, sheep were the most likely to be exposed during RVF outbreaks, but not during periods of cryptic spread. We discuss critical data gaps and highlight the need for detailed study descriptions, and long-term studies using a one health approach to further convert the patchwork of data to the tale of RFV epidemiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over 100 Years of Rift Valley Fever: A Patchwork of Data on Pathogen Spread and Spillover

et al. 2021

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“…In other areas, RVFV may be introduced via the live-animal trade. Trade-related introductions and outbreaks are frequently associated with large gatherings, whereby large numbers of, potentially infected, animals are brought in for slaughter [12,34,35]. Despite the recognition of the underlying factors, outbreak predictions remain challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over 100 years of Rift Valley Fever: a patchwork of data on pathogen spread and spillover

Bron

Strimbu

Cecilia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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During the past 100 years, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus, has caused potentially lethal disease in livestock, and has been associated with significant economic losses and trade bans. Spillover to humans occurs and can be fatal. Here, we combined data on RVF disease in humans (22 countries) and animals (37 countries) from 1931 to 2020 with seroprevalence studies from 1950 to 2020 (N=226) from publicly available databases and publications to further the understanding of RVFV epidemiology. RVFV has spread from its original focus in Kenya throughout Africa. In 2000, RVFV was first detected in the Arabian peninsula. Since then seropositive animals have been observed in additional countries in western Asia. Throughout the study period, seroprevalence increased in both humans and animals, suggesting potentially increased RVFV exposure. Among ruminants, sheep were most likely to be exposed during RVF outbreaks, but not during periods of cryptic spread. Filling data gaps, detailed study descriptions (e.g., study population details, diagnostic test characteristics), and long-term studies using a one health approach will aid to further convert the patchwork of data to the tale of RFV epidemiology and inform surveillance and intervention strategies.

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“…Spillover into human population mainly concerns people working in close contact with animals such as pastoralists, butchers or veterinarians (Anyangu et al, 2010; Linthicum et al, 2016), but can be a concern for the general population, e.g. in a context of massive slaughters during religious festivals (EMPRES, 2003; Lancelot et al, 2019). Vector-to-human transmission is possible but does not seem to be the major route of infection (Gerdes, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Veterinary services, along with herders, tend to promote small ruminant vaccination as they are more likely to die from the disease and thus need more protection (Sow et al, 2016). The importance of small ruminant trade, particularly around the Tabaski festival, might also justify this approach (Lancelot et al, 2019). Operationnal decisions regarding targeted vaccination campaigns should therefore consider the potential benefits of cattle immunity at the population scale.…”

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confidence: 99%

It’s risky to wander in September: modelling the epidemic potential of Rift Valley fever in a Sahelian setting

Cecilia

Métras

Fall

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Estimating the epidemic potential of vector-borne diseases, along with the relative contribution of underlying mechanisms, is crucial for animal and human health worldwide. In West African Sahel, several outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) have occurred over the last decades, but uncertainty remains about the conditions necessary to trigger these outbreaks. We use the basic reproduction number (R0) as a measure of RVF epidemic potential in northern Senegal, and map its value in two distinct ecosystems, namely the Ferlo and the Senegal river delta and valley. We consider three consecutive rainy seasons (July-November 2014, 2015 and 2016) and account for several vector and animal species. Namely, we parametrize our model with estimates of Aedes vexans arabiensis, Culex poicilipes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, cattle, sheep and goats abundances. The impact of RVF virus introduction is assessed every week, in 4367 pixels of 3,5km2. The results of our analysis indicate that September was the month with highest epidemic potential in each study area, while at-risk locations varied between seasons. We show that decreased vector densities do not highly reduce R0 and that cattle immunity has a greater impact on reducing transmission than small ruminants immunity. The host preferences of vectors and the temperature-dependent time interval between their blood meals are crucial parameters needing further biological investigations.

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Rift Valley Fever: One Health at Play?

Cited by 6 publications

References 82 publications

Over 100 Years of Rift Valley Fever: A Patchwork of Data on Pathogen Spread and Spillover

Over 100 Years of Rift Valley Fever: A Patchwork of Data on Pathogen Spread and Spillover

Over 100 years of Rift Valley Fever: a patchwork of data on pathogen spread and spillover

It’s risky to wander in September: modelling the epidemic potential of Rift Valley fever in a Sahelian setting

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