Rich-Quench-Lean model comparison for the clean use of humidified ammonia/hydrogen combustion systems

Mashruk, Syed; Xiao, Hansong; Valera‐Medina, Agustin

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.204

Cited by 79 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(51 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, non-premixed ammonia−air flames running at elevated inlet temperature and pressure conditions also produced low NO and unburnt ammonia at the exhaust (Figure 31). Mashruk et al 274 investigated an industry-scale humidified RQL system (∼10 MW power) numerically using five different mechanisms from the literature to assess the differences in results (Table 5). The study theoretically demonstrated that the use of the humidified RQL system fueled with ammonia−hydrogen (70:30 in vol %) can produce flue gases consisting of 99.97% water, nitrogen, and oxygen, with the consumption of most reactive emissions and NO x emissions, and 15% O 2 ∼ 100 ppmv at industrial large power generation.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia, a molecule that is gaining more interest as a fueling vector, has been considered as a candidate to power transport, produce energy, and support heating applications for decades. However, the particular characteristics of the molecule always made it a chemical with low, if any, benefit once compared to conventional fossil fuels. Still, the current need to decarbonize our economy makes the search of new methods crucial to use chemicals, such as ammonia, that can be produced and employed without incurring in the emission of carbon oxides. Therefore, current efforts in this field are leading scientists, industries, and governments to seriously invest efforts in the development of holistic solutions capable of making ammonia a viable fuel for the transition toward a clean future. On that basis, this review has approached the subject gathering inputs from scientists actively working on the topic. The review starts from the importance of ammonia as an energy vector, moving through all of the steps in the production, distribution, utilization, safety, legal considerations, and economic aspects of the use of such a molecule to support the future energy mix. Fundamentals of combustion and practical cases for the recovery of energy of ammonia are also addressed, thus providing a complete view of what potentially could become a vector of crucial importance to the mitigation of carbon emissions. Different from other works, this review seeks to provide a holistic perspective of ammonia as a chemical that presents benefits and constraints for storing energy from sustainable sources. State-of-the-art knowledge provided by academics actively engaged with the topic at various fronts also enables a clear vision of the progress in each of the branches of ammonia as an energy carrier. Further, the fundamental boundaries of the use of the molecule are expanded to real technical issues for all potential technologies capable of using it for energy purposes, legal barriers that will be faced to achieve its deployment, safety and environmental considerations that impose a critical aspect for acceptance and wellbeing, and economic implications for the use of ammonia across all aspects approached for the production and implementation of this chemical as a fueling source. Herein, this work sets the principles, research, practicalities, and future views of a transition toward a future where ammonia will be a major energy player.

show abstract

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A research team from Cardiff University in the UK worked on an ammonia gas turbine [97][98][99][100]. The superiority of ammonia as a storage material for hydrogen and the possibility for direct combustion was evaluated.…”

Section: Lab-scale Model Burner For Ammonia-rich Mixture Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction

Lee

2021

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the formation of an international carbon-neutral framework, interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions is increasing. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that can be directly combusted with the role of an effective hydrogen energy carrier, and its application range is expanding. In particular, as research results applied to power generation systems such as gas turbines and coal-fired power plants have been reported, the technology to use them is gradually being advanced. In the present study, starting with a fundamental combustion research case conducted to use ammonia as a fuel, the application research case for gas turbines and coal-fired power plants was analyzed. Finally, we report the results of the ammonia-air burning flame and pulverized coal-ammonia-air co-fired research conducted at the authors’ research institute.

show abstract

“…A chemical reactor network (CRN), previously developed elsewhere (Guteša Božo et al 2021;Mashruk, Xiao, Valera-Medina 2020;Mashruk 2020), was employed to model the combustion zone, Figure 2. Mixing zones, flame zones, central recirculation zone (CRZ) and external recirculation zone (ERZ) were modeled by individual perfectly stirred reactors (PSR), and the volume and residence time for each PSR were obtained from previous RANS CFD analysis (Vigueras-Zuniga et al 2020).…”

Section: Chemical Kinetic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the rich combustion condition, reaction R1 only shows sensitivity to H 2 at the flame zone where all the relevant intermediate species (i.e. H, O and OH) are formed and play an important role to oxidize the fuel and reduce ignition delay time (Mashruk, Xiao, Valera-Medina 2020;Warnatz, Maas, Dibble 2006). Other than reaction R1, all the other reactions responsible for H 2 concentrations at the flame zone (Figure 20a) show opposite effect to NH 2 concentrations (Figure 17a) at the flame zone for all the inlet conditions under consideration.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis on the Evolution of NH₂ in Ammonia/hydrogen Swirling Flames and Detailed Sensitivity Analysis under Elevated Conditions

Mashruk

Xiao

Pugh

et al. 2021

Combustion Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia/hydrogen blends have received some attention toward the development of new technologies focused on gas turbine combustion systems, as doping of hydrogen in ammonia enhances flame speed and stability while decreasing ignition energy. One of the challenges of these blends relies on the appropriate computational modeling of their combustion properties in combination with the complex hydrodynamics inherent to flow control techniques such as swirling flows, which are known to be the main method of flame stabilization in current gas turbines. Moreover, it is well-known that large reaction kinetic models are difficult to employ in these computational analyses, thus increasing the difficulty of obtaining reliable methods for the design of new combustors. Therefore, this research analyses a reduced chemical reaction mechanism, namely Okafor's mechanism, comparing its performance and accuracy against obtained experiments. Emission measurements and non-intrusive laser techniques (LDA) were employed to validate models running on CHEMKIN-PRO flow reactors and RANS Complex Chemistry. Once validated, the study identified the main contributors and reaction kinetics of NH 2 and NO consumption, hence evaluating the process via production rates and sensitivity analysis of various important reactions. The results depicted positive correlation between NH 2 formation and heat release, N 2 , H 2 O, N 2 O, NH, NNH, NO, O formation, whereas NH 3 , N 2 H 3 and NO 2 have shown negative correlation. Statistical correlations supported these findings but unfortunately were inconclusive to the impacts of vorticity and turbulence over the production/consumption of amidogen. Sensitivity analysis has shown NH 2 radicals and atomic N to be the main contributors of NO formation in the flame zone, although most of the NO formed in the flame zone shown to be consumed at the postflame zone due to the presence of NH x radicals and atomic N.

show abstract

Rich-Quench-Lean model comparison for the clean use of humidified ammonia/hydrogen combustion systems

Cited by 79 publications

References 40 publications

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction

Numerical Analysis on the Evolution of NH₂ in Ammonia/hydrogen Swirling Flames and Detailed Sensitivity Analysis under Elevated Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Rich-Quench-Lean model comparison for the clean use of humidified ammonia/hydrogen combustion systems

Cited by 79 publications

References 40 publications

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

Review on Ammonia as a Potential Fuel: From Synthesis to Economics

Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction

Numerical Analysis on the Evolution of NH2 in Ammonia/hydrogen Swirling Flames and Detailed Sensitivity Analysis under Elevated Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Numerical Analysis on the Evolution of NH₂ in Ammonia/hydrogen Swirling Flames and Detailed Sensitivity Analysis under Elevated Conditions