Rich-Catalytic Lean-Burn Combustion for Low-Single-Digit NOx Gas Turbines

Smith, Lance L.; Karim, Hasan; Castaldi, Marco J.; Etemad, Shahrokh; Pfefferle, William C.; Khanna, Vivek; Smith, K. O.

doi:10.1115/1.1787510

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In particular, much effort is devoted to the reduction of NO x emissions and increase of safety and efficiency in natural gas combustion appliances at both the industrial and domestic level. To date, improvements in gas turbine and utilities burners have resulted in an impressive reduction in NO x emissions by using lean-premixed combustion of natural gas (Smith et al, 2005). Further potential improvements are foreseen with premixed catalytic combustion technology (Forzatti, 2003), which can indeed guarantee the lowest NO x emissions compared to other combustion options (Specchia, 2006) while enhancing the heat transfer efficiency through radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In recent years, fuel-rich catalytic=homogeneous combustion technology has been proposed to overcome the limitations of lean premixed catalytic and non-catalytic combustion due to its potential benefits in terms of improved safety and stability of operation, associated to ultra low pollutants emissions (Forzatti, 2003;Pfefferle et al, 2006;Smith et al, 2005). Recently we have extended the concept of fuel-rich catalytic combustion by proposing a novel staged hybrid catalytic gas burner, with integrated interstage heat removal by IR radiation from the catalytic module (Accordini et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Hybrid Catalytic Gas Burner

Cimino

Russo

Accordini³

et al. 2010

Combustion Science and Technology

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A prototype hybrid catalytic radiant gas burner suitable for EU condensing boilers (4-25 kW) was developed based on the novel concept of a rich catalytic/homogeneous combustion with interstage heat removal. An extensive experimental campaign was carried out to validate the hybrid catalytic combustion technology through the detailed characterization of the operating features of the prototype burner with special focus on the catalytic partial oxidation reactor, which simultaneously acts as a radiant element. Methane combustion tests were conducted also in direct comparison with two low-NO x forced air commercial systems: a fully premixed gas burner stabilized with a knitted metal wire cover and a blue-flame turbulent diffusive burner with multiple swirled fuel nozzles and high-speed air injection. The novel burner shows the potential for improved performance with regard to heat transfer efficiency, pollutants emissions, stability, rangeability, and safety of operation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Hybrid Catalytic Gas Burner

Cimino

Russo

Accordini³

et al. 2010

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…The major source of GTU pollutant emissions is an exhaust device, which releases combustion products (nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, suspended solids) to the atmosphere. The assessments of nitrogen oxide and dioxide concentration fields considering their background values point out the necessity of suppressing the nitrogen oxides in some sites using denox technology (stands for the word combination "de NO x ") [7]. This technology involves the injection of desalinated water into the GTU combustion chamber.…”

Section: Operation Stage Of the Mgtppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental feasibility study for deployment and construction of mobile gas turbine power plants in urbanized areas

Bryukhan

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract.In the view of current electrical shortage in some regions of Russia, mobile gas turbine power plants (MGTPP) have become urgent in recent years. Usually they are used as back-up power sources to cover peak loads in power networks and to ensure uninterrupted power supply to consumers. This paper deals with environmental feasibility study for deployment and construction of the MGTPP in an urban setting. Technogehic factors of the MGTPP impact on the environment have been assessed and possibility of the MGTPP deployment at various sites in different regions of Russia has been identified. The necessity of using the technology of water injection into the gas turbine units combustion chamber to suppress nitrogen oxides in some cases is mentioned. Quantitative assessments of the MGTPP technogehic impact on the environment components have been performed using standard techniques. The calculations have revealed that the MGTPP specifications ensure the levels of technogehic impacts within the standard limits. The results have ensured preparation of pre-design and design documentation related to protection of the environment against the MGTPP complex technogehic impact.

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“…Results from work with Solar Turbines, Incorporated (Karim et al, 2003;Smith et al, 2005) showed NOx emissions as low as 1 ppm were achievable in rig tests, while the engine tests showed NOx emissions around 2 ppm, both with CO below 10 ppm. The engine test also demonstrated excellent RCL ® reactor operability through the entire range of engine operating conditions, including transient events such as start-up, shutdown, and load shifting.…”

Section: The Rclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RCL ® system is based on the concept of stabilizing combustion with catalytically-reacted fuel and air having a temperature below the instantaneous autoignition temperature (Smith et al, 2005). PCI's RCL ® system is shown schematically in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra Low NOx Catalytic Combustion for IGCC Power Plants

Etemad¹,

Baird²,

Alavandi³

et al. 2008

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In order to meet DOE's goals of developing low-emissions coal-based power systems, PCI has further developed and adapted it's Rich-Catalytic Lean-burn (RCL ® ) catalytic reactor to a combustion system operating on syngas as a fuel. The technology offers ultra-low emissions without the cost of exhaust after-treatment, with high efficiency (avoidance of after-treatment losses and reduced diluent requirements), and with catalytically stabilized combustion which extends the lower Btu limit for syngas operation.Tests were performed in PCI's sub-scale high-pressure (10 atm) test rig, using a two-stage (catalytic then gas-phase) combustion process for syngas fuel. In this process, the first stage consists of a fuel-rich mixture reacting on a catalyst with final and excess combustion air used to cool the catalyst. The second stage is a gas-phase combustor, where the air used for cooling the catalyst mixes with the catalytic reactor effluent to provide for final gas-phase burnout and dilution to fuel-lean combustion products.During testing, operating with a simulated Tampa Electric's Polk Power Station syngas, the NOx emissions program goal of less than 0.03 lbs/MMBtu (6 ppm at 15% O 2 ) was met. NOx emissions were generally near 0.01 lbs/MMBtu (2 ppm at 15% O 2 ) (PCI's target) over a range on engine firing temperatures. In addition, low emissions were shown for alternative fuels including high hydrogen content refinery fuel gas and low BTU content Blast Furnace Gas (BFG). For the refinery fuel gas increased resistance to combustor flashback was achieved through preferential consumption of hydrogen in the catalytic bed. In the case of BFG, stable combustion for fuels as low as 88 BTU/ft 3 was established and maintained without the need for using co-firing. This was achieved based on the upstream catalytic reaction delivering a hotter (and thus more reactive) product to the flame zone. The PCI catalytic reactor was also shown to be active in ammonia reduction in fuel allowing potential reductions in the burner NOx production.These reductions of NOx emissions and expanded alternative fuel capability make the rich catalytic combustor uniquely situated to provide reductions in capital costs through elimination of requirements for SCR, operating costs through reduction in need for NOx abating dilution, SCR operating costs, and need for co-firing fuels allowing use of lower value but more available fuels, and efficiency of an engine through reduction in dilution flows.

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Rich-Catalytic Lean-Burn Combustion for Low-Single-Digit NOx Gas Turbines

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Development of a Hybrid Catalytic Gas Burner

Development of a Hybrid Catalytic Gas Burner

Environmental feasibility study for deployment and construction of mobile gas turbine power plants in urbanized areas

Ultra Low NOx Catalytic Combustion for IGCC Power Plants

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