Rice Straw: A Major Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass for Value-Added Carbonaceous Materials

Abstract

Carbonaceous materials are proven to be vital in day-to-day life as well as in advanced science and technology applications. Rice straw, a secondary agricultural lignocellulosic biomass, has drawn great attention for the production of value-added carbonaceous material. Because, it can provide an alternative economic, greener and sustainable resource of carbon to non-renewable fossil fuel-based precursors while controlling the worsening situation of environmental pollution due to improper disposal and stubble burning. In this review, recent developments in the production of carbonaceous materials from rice straw are presented. Biochar and activated carbon were reported to be the prime carbonaceous materials prepared from the rice straw. Thus, pyrogenic preparation of biochar and the influence of its pyrolysis temperature to the yield, composition, surface area, porosity and morphology are preliminarily discussed. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the preparation of activated carbon with an emphasis on the influencing reaction factors for improving the characteristic properties of the activated carbons. Additionally, the major characterization techniques dealing with determining the surface area and porosity (BET analyzer) and microstructure (secondary electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM)) for both the carbonaceous materials are also discussed. Finally, major applications of both the carbonaceous materials are briefly reviewed. Thus, the present review clearly highlights the usefulness of agricultural lignocellulose waste rice straw for the conversion of waste to value-added carbonaceous materials.

Impacts of crop residues on soil health: a review

“…Lignin is a phenolic complex polymer formed by crosslinking of three major components: p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols. In cell walls, cellulose is surrounded by a monolayer of hemicellulose and embedded in a matrix of hemicellulose and lignin, which form stable complex 3-dimensional structure (Figure 1) [15][16][17].…”

Rice Straw‐Derived Biochar as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Battery: A Step toward Sustainable Development

“…[31] Moreover, the treatment of biomass with alkali, such as KOH and NaOH, to enhance the surface area of biochar, thus enhancing the electrochemical performance of biochar, has been reported. [29] Therefore, in the present study, rice straw was pyrolyzed at different temperatures and the surface area was determined. Further four modification methods were employed to produce modified biochar.…”

“…[ 31 ] Moreover, the treatment of biomass with alkali, such as KOH and NaOH, to enhance the surface area of biochar, thus enhancing the electrochemical performance of biochar, has been reported. [ 29 ]…”

A Thorough Examination of the Solution Conditions and the Use of Carbon Nanoparticles Made from Commercial Mesquite Charcoal as a Successful Sorbent for Water Remediation

“…Hence, in the present research, adsorption is the process used for removing this pollutant from water. Compared to metal oxides, carbonaceous materials (CRMs) are compelling-they are preferable sorbents because of their high adsorptivity, low cost, insolubility in water, and environmentally friendly characteristics [25,26].…”