A Thorough Examination of the Solution Conditions and the Use of Carbon Nanoparticles Made from Commercial Mesquite Charcoal as a Successful Sorbent for Water Remediation

Abstract

Water pollution has invaded seas, rivers, and tap water worldwide. This work employed commercial Mesquite charcoal as a low-cost precursor for fabricating Mesquite carbon nanoparticles (MUCNPs) using a ball-milling process. The scanning electron energy-dispersive microscopy results for MUCNPs revealed a particle size range of 52.4–75.0 nm. The particles were composed mainly of carbon with trace amounts of aluminum, potassium, calcium, titanium, and zinc. The X-ray diffraction peaks at 26.76 and 43.28 2θ° ascribed to the (002) and (100) planes indicated a crystalized graphite phase. Furthermore, the lack of FT-IR vibrations above 3000 cm−1 showed that the MUCNPs were not functionalized. The MUCNPs’ pore diameter, volume, and surface area were 114.5 Ǻ, 0.363 cm3 g−1, and 113.45 m2 g−1. The batch technique was utilized to investigate MUCNPs’ effectiveness in removing chlorohexidine gluconate (CHDNG) from water, which took 90 min to achieve equilibrium and had an adsorption capacity of 65.8 mg g−1. The adsorption of CHDNG followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, with the rate-limiting step being diffusion in the liquid film. The Langmuir isotherm dominated the CHDNG adsorption on the MUCNPs with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The thermodynamic studies revealed that CHDNG adsorption onto the MUCNPs was exothermic and favorable, and its spontaneity increased inversely with CHDNG concentration. The ball-milling-made MUCNPs demonstrated consistent efficiency through regeneration–reuse cycles.

Enhancing the Conductivity and Dielectric Characteristics of Bismuth Oxyiodide via Activated Carbon Doping

“…The diffraction pattern provided evidence that the BiOI crystal structure is tetragonal. Additionally, the graphite phase planes (002) and (100) are responsible for the diffraction peaks at 26.7 • and 43.5 • , respectively, (JCPDS-65-6212) [22,23], and the amplification of those peaks was proportional to the rise in AcC concentration. Additionally, Bragg's angles were utilized to find out the crystal magnitude via Debye-Scherer's expression (Equation (1)), while the lattice dimensions (a and c) imperfection were computed via Equations ( 2) and (3), respectively, and presented in Table 1 [24].…”

Insight into the Adsorption Behavior of Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Coffee Skin Waste for Remediating Water Contaminated with Pharmaceutical Ingredients

“…K IP (mg g −1 min −0.5 ) and K LF (min −1 ) are the LFM and IPM constants (computed from their slope values). C i (mg g −1 ) is a boundary layer thickness factor [32].…”

“…Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants; they first drew attention due to their large surface area, functional ability, remarkable adsorption capacities, ease of regeneration and resilience to corrosive media [31]. Given that the annual production of biowaste reaches 20 billion pounds distributed over about 70 countries [32], turning massive biowaste into valuable materials by fabricating carbonaceous materials (CRMs) from coffee waste would be of great interest.…”