Rice husk flour biocomposites based on recycled high-density polyethylene/polyethylene terephthalate blend: effect of high filler loading on physical, mechanical and thermal properties

Chen, Ruey Shan; Ghani, Mohd Hafizuddin Ab; Ahmad, Sahrim; Salleh, Mohd Nazry; Tarawneh, Mou’ad A.

doi:10.1177/0021998314533361

Cited by 54 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…As the RH content increased in the composite materials, To and Tm increased up to 46.5 °C and 14.3 °C, respectively, in contrast to the neat rTPB. These observations indicated that the addition of the RH filler had improved the thermostability of the rTPB matrix, as reported in the authors' previous study on an untreated RH/polymer blend (Chen et al 2014a). Above Te, it was found that the remaining residual content gradually increased with the RH content because of the high silica content in the RH, which formed silica ash upon heating.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation and Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 82%

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Chen¹,

Ahmad²,

Gan³

2016

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High-fiber-content composites made from rice husk (RH) (from 50 up to 80 wt%) as well as a recycled thermoplastic blend (rTPB) were fabricated using a two-step extrusion and hot/cold press molding technique. The temperature dependency of the thermal degradation and dynamicmechanical behavior was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The long-term water absorption and orthotropic swelling were analyzed following immersion in distilled, tap, and sea water for 15 weeks. Improvements in the thermal stability, storage, and loss modulus, as well as reductions in dimensional stability, were observed as the alkali content of the RH in the rTPB composites was increased. The composites immersed in sea water showed the lowest water absorption, followed by those in distilled and then tap water. The thickness dimension of the composite specimens exhibited the highest swelling values, followed by width and then length dimensions. The tensile strength and elastic modulus showed the maximum values at 70 wt% RH (21.2 MPa and 1.6 GPa, respectively). The surface morphology, interfacial adherence, and bonding between the matrix-fiber phases in the composites were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Section: Thermal Degradation and Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 82%

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Chen¹,

Ahmad²,

Gan³

2016

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“…RH is a lignocellulosic material that is renewable and abundantly available in Malaysia. The raw RH consists of 25 to 35% cellulose, 18 to 21% hemicellulose, 26 to 31% lignin, 15 to 17% silica, 2 to 5% solubles, and 7.5% moisture content (Chen et al 2015b). RH has low density, high specific strength and modulus, and is biodegradable, tough, resistant to weathering, and makes final products cheaper if it is incorporated into composites compared to other fibers (Zhao et al 2009;Kwon et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposites Based on Rice Husk Flour and Recycled Polymer Blend: Effects of Interfacial Modification and High Fibre Loading

Chen¹,

Salleh²,

Ghani³

et al. 2015

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Biocomposites were prepared with rice husk flour (RHF) (raw and alkalitreated) in a recycled polymer blend (RPB) using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Modifications to the composite were carried out through fibre surface treatment with 4 wt.% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 3 wt.% maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) coupling agent. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses of raw and NaOH-treated RHF were performed. The effects of the interfacial modification (MAPE or/and NaOH) and filler loading (50 to 80 wt.%) on the mechanical, physical, and morphological properties were investigated. Improvements in the tensile strength and Young's modulus as well as reduction in water absorption and water loss were observed for raw RHF composites incorporated with MAPE. Alkalisation of fibres resulted only in an enhancement in elongation and impact strength. The composite with 70 wt.% RHF modified with only MAPE exhibited the highest tensile strength and modulus, 22.2 and 711.6 MPa, respectively. The general trend of the composite results exhibited some decrease in water absorption and water loss from untreated RHF composites with only MAPE modification as compared to the NaOHtreated composite, although a rougher surface for the treated fibres was revealed in SEM images.

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“…There is still a significant of amount of plastics end up in landfill despite the recycling capacity for plastic wastes have been progressively increased [1]. In Peninsular Malaysia (population of 28.45 million inhabitations in 2010), the total amount of municipal solid waste produced has increased from 19,100 tonnes per day in 2005 to 21,100 tonnes per day in 2010 and plastic wastes account for 24% of them [2]. In view of environmental concern, plastic waste recycling not only conserves both virgin materials and energy but also provides a solution to plastic waste disposal [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Blend Composition and Compatibilizer on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Recycled HDPE/PET Blends

Chen¹,

Ghani²,

Salleh³

et al. 2014

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Polymer blends based on recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) with and without ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (E-GMA) as compatibilizer were fabricated in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The effects of rPET and compatibilizer content on the mechanical properties and morphological stability of rHDPE-rich blends were investigated. The rHDPE/rPET (75/25 wt/wt) blend compatibilized with 5 php (per 100 part of polymer) E-GMA showed an enhancement of about 7% -26% in tensile properties and flexural strength as compared with those of the neat rHDPE. The strain at break showed a decreasing trend as the rPET content increased. The addition of E-GMA to the rHDPE/rPET blends was found to recover the blend toughness as well as improving the compatibility between HDPE and PET. In this study, the highest strain at break was obtained for the rHDPE/rPET blends at 75/25 (wt/wt) composition with E-GMA content of 5 php. FTIR and SEM analysis of the compatibilized blends confirmed the chemical interaction and improved interfacial bonding between the two phases.

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Rice husk flour biocomposites based on recycled high-density polyethylene/polyethylene terephthalate blend: effect of high filler loading on physical, mechanical and thermal properties

Cited by 54 publications

References 53 publications

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Characterization of Rice Husk-Incorporated Recycled Thermoplastic Blend Composites

Biocomposites Based on Rice Husk Flour and Recycled Polymer Blend: Effects of Interfacial Modification and High Fibre Loading

Influence of Blend Composition and Compatibilizer on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Recycled HDPE/PET Blends

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