Rice bran oil as a novel compounding ingredient in sulphur vulcanization of natural rubber

Kuriakose, A. P.; Rajendran, Gokul

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(94)00202-9

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Recent research has shown the suitability of natural oils as processing aids and activators (Kuriakose & Rajendran, 1994;Ismail et al, 1997;Kuriakose & Varghese, 2003;Dasgupta et al, 2007;Jayewardhana et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized vegetable oils as processing aids and activators in carbon-black filled natural rubber compounds

Chandrasekara

Mahanama

Edirisinghe

et al. 2011

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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This study investigated the suitability of epoxidized vegetable oils as additives in place of aromatic processing aids and activators in natural rubber based truck tyre tread compounds. The processability and cure characteristics of the compounds and physical properties of the vulcanizates were compared with those of the standard vulcanizate, which was prepared with a standard mineral oil-Dutrex R. Epoxidation of the oils was carried out (formed in situ) using the peracetic acid method and epoxidation was confirmed using 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra. Epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) were used at a fixed dose in the compounding process as processing aids. These oils were used in the compounding process to ascertain the possibility of using them as activators and processing aids. Epoxidized palm oil (EPO) showed better processing properties, polymer filler interaction and dispersion properties and best heat resistance ability. Epoxidized sunflower oil (ESFO) can be used as an accelerator with the combination of sulphenamide to overcome the problem of reversion. Epoxidized soya bean oil (ESBO), EPO and ESFO were better alternative processing aids than petroleum based aromatic oils, which have been reported as carcinogenic. The cure characteristics and physical properties of the vulcanizate based on EPO suggested that this oil could be used as an activator in rubber compounding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized vegetable oils as processing aids and activators in carbon-black filled natural rubber compounds

Chandrasekara

Mahanama

Edirisinghe

et al. 2011

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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“…[3,6] Also rice bran oil which was used as processing aids in sulfur vulcanization of nature rubber with cheaper than commercial oil, it still has an advantage to act as co-activator and antioxidant due to higher fatty acids and phenols. [9] Besides, agricultural wastes such as fruit peels of pomegranate peel, longan peel and particularly rambutan peel which contain vitamins and polyphenol content, can apply for antioxidant in rubber compound and whey protein based film. [10,11] Interestingly, the polyphenol compounds in rambutan peel which consists of aromatic hydroxyls with more than two groups, can entrap free radicals and reduce oxidation reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for rambutan peel extract as natural antioxidant on the aging properties of vulcanized natural rubber

et al. 2021

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Natural rubber (NR) is sensitive to oxidative degradation, which needs to add commercial antioxidant for NR compounding to improve its aging properties.The aim of this study is to apply natural antioxidant obtained from extracted rambutan peel powder (RE) by methanol compared to commercial antioxidants for NR compounding in a conventional vulcanization (CV system). Two types of commercial antioxidants were N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'phenyl-pphenylenediamine (6PPD) and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2dihydroquinoline (TMQ).The main phenolic compounds in RE were geraniin, corilagin, ellagic acid and gallic acid which had greater antioxidant activity based on all methods, especially for 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrlhydrazyl radical-scavenging assay (DPPH) and had a similar antioxidant activity to 6PPD. The antioxidants were applied in NR vulcanizates at 1 phr and 2 phr to study their physical and mechanical properties. The decomposition temperature of RE was higher than for 6PPD but similar to TMQ. The decomposition temperature of the rubber vulcanizates containing RE was higher than for the commercial antioxidants. Rubber vulcanizates with RE retained similar tensile strength and modulus at 100% strain as the commercial antioxidants. Furthermore, the addition of RE in rubber vulcanizates helped to resist thermal aging at 70 C and ozone aging, particularly at 1 phr at least as well as in the commercial antioxidants. Therefore, RE can be used as an alternative natural antioxidant in natural rubber to replace commercial antioxidants.

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“…Numerous researchers have investigated the use of neat and modified bio-oil as a processing oil in rubber compounds, including the use of palm (PO), soybean (SBO), coconut, castor, and rice bran oils. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The replacement of petroleum-based processing oil by both neat and modified bio-oils in rubber compounds is feasible. However, the use of bio-oil in rubber compounds strongly influences the cure behavior, in terms of the scorch and cure times, and the crosslink density of the obtained rubber vulcanizates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the accelerated sulfur vulcanization of bio oil‐extended natural rubber compounds

Hayichelaeh

Boonkerd

Nun‐anan

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The elucidation of the role of bio-oils on the accelerated sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) compounds is discussed in this study. Two types of bio-oil, palm oil and soybean oil, were studied in direct comparison with a distillate aromatic extract oil (DAE) as a reference. The scorch and cure times of the bio-oil-extended NR compounds were shorter than those containing DAE. The use of bio-oils gave a higher cure reaction rate constant along with a lower activation energy than the use of DAE. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the fatty acid segment of the bio-oils can react with zinc oxide to give zinc carboxylate, which is then involved in and promotes the vulcanization reaction. The use of bio-oils to increase the rate of vulcanization strongly influenced the crosslink density of the obtained NR vulcanizates, yielding NR vulcanizates with a lower crosslinking density. It is proposed here that the bio-oils might consume the curing agent via the reaction between their own unsaturated fatty acid and sulfur. This was supported by the increased viscosity of the oils after exposure to sulfur at a high temperature. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the bio-oilextended NR compounds were lower and higher, respectively, than the NR extended with DAE oil due to the lower crosslink density of the bio oil-extended NR vulcanizates.

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Rice bran oil as a novel compounding ingredient in sulphur vulcanization of natural rubber

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Epoxidized vegetable oils as processing aids and activators in carbon-black filled natural rubber compounds

Epoxidized vegetable oils as processing aids and activators in carbon-black filled natural rubber compounds

Prospects for rambutan peel extract as natural antioxidant on the aging properties of vulcanized natural rubber

Elucidation of the accelerated sulfur vulcanization of bio oil‐extended natural rubber compounds

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