Rice bran lipase catalyzed esterification of palm oil fatty acid distillate and glycerol in organic solvent

Chong, Fui Chin; Tey, Beng Ti; Dom, Zanariah Mohd; Cheong, Kok Hing; Satiawihardja, Budiatman; Ibrahim, Mohd Nordin; Rahman, Russly Abdul; Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang; Ling, Tau Chuan

doi:10.1007/bf02931100

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Evaporation of water under a stream of nitrogen gas (0.7 l min −1 ) was also reported to be capable of improving the DAG production yield as the presence of water favor hydrolytic reactions instead of synthetic reactions (Rosu et al 1999). Previous literature studies also indicated that the use of molecular sieves and silica as absorbent encouraged DAG synthesis even though the mentioned method is not practical in an industrial scale owing to the separation difficulties and increased overall manufacturing cost (Chong et al 2007;Kwon et al 1995;Lo et al 2004). …”

Section: Enzymatic Esterificationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Review on the Current State of Diacylglycerol Production Using Enzymatic Approach

Phuah

Tang

Lee

et al. 2015

Food Bioprocess Technol

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Enzymatic production of diacylglycerol (DAG)-enriched oil has been investigated extensively due to its health benefits with total annual sales of approximately USD 200 million in Japan since its introduction in the late 1990s till 2009. Enzymatic catalysis had been proven to exhibit improved results with respect to yield, purity, reaction time, and stability in comparison with chemical catalysis. The cost of the enzymes, however, is the main hurdle to the widespread use of enzyme for commercial DAG production. This paper attempts to review and summarize various lipase-mediated technological methods for DAG production. Critical aspects such as process considerations on DAG synthesis, mass transfer limitations as well as kinetic mechanism models developed for each enzymatic approach in DAG synthesis are also presented and discussed. In addition, possible reactor configurations were evaluated, if lipase-assisted DAG production is to be technically and economically feasible at an industrial scale.

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Section: Enzymatic Esterificationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Review on the Current State of Diacylglycerol Production Using Enzymatic Approach

Phuah

Tang

Lee

et al. 2015

Food Bioprocess Technol

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“…Rice bran contains lots of proteins, minerals, amino acids [1], lipase [2], and various antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols [3], ferulic acids [3], γ-oryzanols [4], tocopherols, and tocotrienols [5]. Due to the antioxidant ability inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species, rice bran has recently obtained much attention as a natural source of health food related to diabetes [6], atherosclerosis [7], and cancer [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, antibacterial, tyrosinase inhibitory, and biofilm inhibitory activities of fermented rice bran broth with effective microorganisms

Lee

Cho

2010

Biotechnol Bioproc E

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The effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) is a refreshment beverage widely consumed in East Asia. Due to the antioxidant property of the health beverage, EM-X has potential benefits for the human immune system and has been generally accepted in clinical practice. In search of new functions of EM-X, another version of EM-X, named EM-YU in this study, which is fermented from rice bran, seaweed, and kiwifruit with effective microorganisms demonstrates high antioxidant, antibacterial, tyrosinase inhibition activities, and biofilm inhibition activity of pathogenic bacteria. The antioxidant activity of 1.8% EM-YU was equivalent to that of 0.01 mg/mL vitamin C. Also, EM-YU clearly inhibited the cell growth of two pathogenic bacteria, bëÅÜÉêáÅÜá~=Åçäá=O157:H7 and mëÉìÇçãçå~ë=~ÉêìÖáåçë~ PAO1; and EM-YU broth (6.7%) inhibited (55 ± 1%) the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract of EM-YU, called EM-YU-EX (0.6 mg/mL), 7-fold reduced the biofilm formation of bK=Åçäá=O157:H7 without affecting its cell growth. It is the first report that EM-X variant possess antibacterial, tyrosinase inhibitory, and biofilm inhibitory activities. These results support other beneficial properties of the natural health product EM-X variant (EM-YU). © KSBB hÉóïçêÇëW=êáÅÉ=Äê~åI=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ãáÅêççêÖ~åáëãëI=~åíáçñáÇ~åíI=~åíáÄ~ÅíÉêá~äI=íóêçëáå~ëÉI=ÄáçÑáäã= = = = =

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“…Regarding cost reduction, Choi et al [42] showed that it might be possible to perform enzymatic esterification without the addition of enzymes. In that study, a FAME content of 87% could be obtained after 12 days via an in situ lipase-catalyzed reaction with only the addition of methanol [43]. Rice bran is known to contain several types of lipases (phospholipases, glycolipases, esterases), which might improve the economic sustainability of RBO pretreatment aiming at bioenergy production [43].…”

Section: Heterogenous Enzymatic Esterification Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploiting the Complementary Potential of Rice Bran Oil as a Low-Cost Raw Material for Bioenergy Production

et al. 2022

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Rice is one of the most consumed cereals in the world. From rice processing, rice bran is obtained, and only a part of this by-product is effectively used. Rice bran oil can be obtained and used as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production, although few studies exist to support its exploitation. In addition, pretreatment is required to reduce its acidity and allow for its integration in the conventional industrial process. This work evaluated two pretreatment processes aiming to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content of rice bran oil by employing an acid-catalyzed process and a biocatalyzed process. The results allowed us to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of both pretreatments. For that purpose, acid (45, 55 and 65 °C, using H2SO4 concentrations of 2 wt.% or 4 wt.% and a methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1) and enzymatic FFA conversion (35 °C using a 6:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 5 wt.% of Thermomyces lanuginosus) were evaluated using rice bran oil with an acid value around 47 mg KOH.g−1, and the reaction kinetics were assessed. Acid esterification enabled a 92% acidity reduction (65 °C, 4 wt.% of catalyst) after 8 h, with the final product presenting an acid value of 3.7 mg KOH.g−1 and a biodiesel purity of 42 wt.%. The enzymatic process allowed an acidity reduction of 82%, resulting in a product with an acid value of 7.0 mg KOH.g−1; however, after 24 h, the biodiesel purity was 87 wt.% (almost a two-fold increase compared to that obtained in the homogeneous process), revealing the conversion of both free fatty acids and glycerides. The study of the reaction kinetics of the homogeneous (acid) esterification showed that, for temperatures > 45 °C, the constant rate increased with temperature. A higher constant rate was obtained for the temperature of 55 °C using 4 wt.% of catalyst (k′ = 0.13 min−1). For the heterogeneous (enzymatic) esterification, the constant rate obtained was lower (k′ = 0.028 min−1), as expected. The study revealed the technical viability of the esterification pretreatment of rice bran oil and the important parameters concerning the performance of the pretreatment solutions. Finally, the enzymatic process should be further explored, aiming to develop more ecofriendly processes (water and energy savings) to produce biodiesel from oils with a high acidity (low-cost raw materials).

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Rice bran lipase catalyzed esterification of palm oil fatty acid distillate and glycerol in organic solvent

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Review on the Current State of Diacylglycerol Production Using Enzymatic Approach

Review on the Current State of Diacylglycerol Production Using Enzymatic Approach

Antioxidant, antibacterial, tyrosinase inhibitory, and biofilm inhibitory activities of fermented rice bran broth with effective microorganisms

Exploiting the Complementary Potential of Rice Bran Oil as a Low-Cost Raw Material for Bioenergy Production

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