Rice Blast: A Disease with Implications for Global Food Security

Asibi, Aziiba Emmanuel; Chai, Qiang; Coulter, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.3390/agronomy9080451

Cited by 182 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The most common diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi are anthracnose, blight, canker, damping off, dieback, gall, leaf spot, powdery mildew, rust, root rot, scab, and wilt ( Iqbal et al., 2018 ; Hussain and Usman, 2019 ; Jain et al., 2019 ). These diseases can generate significant losses in yield ( Godfray et al., 2016 ), quality and quantity ( Shuping and Eloff, 2017 ) in various agricultural systems ( Rodriguez-Moreno et al., 2018 ) of economically important agronomical ( Leonard and Szabo, 2005 ; Asibi et al., 2019 ), horticultural ( Agrios, 2009 ; Wenneker and Thomma, 2020 ), floricultural and ornamental ( Darras, 2016 ; Lecomte et al., 2016 ), and forest ( Ritz, 2005 ; Marčiulynas et al., 2020 ) plant species worldwide ( Malcolm et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

Hariharan¹,

Prasannath²

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Phytopathogenic fungal species can cause enormous losses in quantity and quality of crop yields and this is a major economic issue in the global agricultural sector. Precise and rapid detection and identification of plant infecting fungi are essential to facilitate effective management of disease. DNA-based methods have become popular methods for accurate plant disease diagnostics. Recent developments in standard and variant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays including nested, multiplex, quantitative, bio and magnetic-capture hybridization PCR techniques, post and isothermal amplification methods, DNA and RNA based probe development, and next-generation sequencing provide novel tools in molecular diagnostics in fungal detection and differentiation fields. These molecular based detection techniques are effective in detecting symptomatic and asymptomatic diseases of both culturable and unculturable fungal pathogens in sole and co-infections. Even though the molecular diagnostic approaches have expanded substantially in the recent past, there is a long way to go in the development and application of molecular diagnostics in plant diseases. Molecular techniques used in plant disease diagnostics need to be more reliable, faster, and easier than conventional methods. Now the challenges are with scientists to develop practical techniques to be used for molecular diagnostics of plant diseases. Recent advancement in the improvement and application of molecular methods for diagnosing the widespread and emerging plant pathogenic fungi are discussed in this review.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

Hariharan¹,

Prasannath²

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Members of the Magnaporthe genus can also infect a variety of other cereals, including barley, rye and wheat, making Mo a major threat to global food security [ 4 , 5 ]. Currently, blast management strategies rely on a combination of fungicide applications (e.g., azoles), development of resistant cultivars, and agronomic practices such as removal of crop residues, water management and crop/land rotation [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome and sRNAs Expression Patterns in the Brachypodium distachyon—Magnaporthe oryzae Pathosystems

Zanini

Šečić

Busche

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) is the causative agent of rice blast and can infect aerial and root tissues of a variety of Poaceae, including the model Brachypodium distachyon (Bd). To gain insight in gene regulation processes occurring at early disease stages, we comparatively analyzed fungal and plant mRNA and sRNA expression in leaves and roots. A total of 310 Mo genes were detected consistently and differentially expressed in both leaves and roots. Contrary to Mo, only minor overlaps were observed in plant differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 233 Bd-DEGs in infected leaves at 2 days post inoculation (DPI), compared to 4978 at 4 DPI, and 138 in infected roots. sRNA sequencing revealed a broad spectrum of Mo-sRNAs that accumulated in infected tissues, including candidates predicted to target Bd mRNAs. Conversely, we identified a subset of potential Bd-sRNAs directed against fungal cell wall components, virulence genes and transcription factors. We also show a requirement of operable RNAi genes from the DICER-like (DCL) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) families for fungal virulence. Overall, our work elucidates the extensive reprogramming of transcriptomes and sRNAs in both plant host (Bd) and fungal pathogen (Mo), further corroborating the critical role played by sRNA species in the establishment of the interaction and its outcome.

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“…Rice blast is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) which is the main rice disease in France and worldwide [1,3]. The disease causes a decrease in photosynthetic activity, poor circulation of nutrients, and can lead to leaf death [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, partial (quantitative) resistance, which reduces susceptibility levels, appears to be a complementary option [20]. However, partial resistance is particularly sensitive to management practices [3,22,23]. In rice, high levels of nitrogen input are conducive to disease development, a phenomenon called Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility (NIS) [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association of Rice Response to Blast Fungus Identifies Loci for Robust Resistance Under High Nitrogen.

Frontini

Boisnard²,

Frouin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Nitrogen fertilization is known to increase disease susceptibility, a phenomenon called Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility (NIS). In rice, this phenomenon has been observed in infections with the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. A previous classical genetic study revealed a locus (NIS1) that enhances susceptibility to rice blast under high nitrogen fertilization. In order to further address the underlying genetics of plasticity in susceptibility to rice blast after fertilization, we analyzed NIS under greenhouse-controlled conditions in a panel of 139 temperate japonica rice strains. A genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify loci potentially involved in NIS by comparing susceptibility loci identified under high and low nitrogen conditions, an approach allowing for the identification of loci validated across different nitrogen environments. We also used a novel NIS Index to identify loci potentially contributing to plasticity in susceptibility under different nitrogen fertilization regimes.Results: A global NIS effect was observed in the population, with the density of lesions increasing by 8%, on average, under high nitrogen fertilization. Three new QTL, other than NIS1, were identified. A rare allele of the RRobN1 locus on chromosome 6 provides robust resistance in high and low nitrogen environments. A frequent allele of the NIS2 locus, on chromosome 5, exacerbates blast susceptibility under the high nitrogen condition. Finally, an allele of NIS3, on chromosome 10, buffers the increase of susceptibility arising from nitrogen fertilization but increases global levels of susceptibility. This allele is almost fixed in temperate japonicas, as a probable consequence of genetic hitchhiking with a locus involved in cold stress adaptation.Conclusions: Our results extend to an entire rice subspecies the initial finding that nitrogen increases rice blast susceptibility. We demonstrate the usefulness of estimating plasticity for the identification of novel loci involved in the response of rice to the blast fungus under different nitrogen regimes.

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Rice Blast: A Disease with Implications for Global Food Security

Cited by 182 publications

References 124 publications

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome and sRNAs Expression Patterns in the Brachypodium distachyon—Magnaporthe oryzae Pathosystems

Genome-Wide Association of Rice Response to Blast Fungus Identifies Loci for Robust Resistance Under High Nitrogen.

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