Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

Hariharan, Ganeshamoorthy; Prasannath, K.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.600234

Cited by 104 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…Modern approaches for detecting fungal plant pathogens utilize high-throughput molecular strategies. These include qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), real-time, quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), nested PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), rolling circle amplification (RCA), and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) (Hariharan and Prasannath, 2021). Thus, PCR has become an essential diagnostic tool.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerase Chain Reaction-Assisted Evaluation of the Efficacy of Seed-Treatment Prevention of Sporisorium reilianum Infection in Sorghum Seedlings

et al. 2021

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Head smut, caused by Sporisorium reilianum [(Kuhn) Langdon and Fullerton], is a major disease of sorghum. Seed treatment is considered to be the most effective way to control the disease; however, the pathogen can infect at the seedling stage and the infected plant will not display symptoms until the reproductive stage is reached. The evaluation of the efficacy of seed treatments is time consuming and is dependent upon visible symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have the ability to identify pathogens and diagnose their presence at an early stage of infection. In this study, the S. reilianum-specific primer SR3 was used for PCR detection pathogen. We optimized temperature, humidity, and spore quantity test conditions and were able to achieve >88% infection incidence in sorghum seedlings. Sorghum seeds were soaked in various concentrations of tebuconazole and planted for 7 days in soil containing 0.2% teliospores. The efficacy of tebuconazole against S. reilianum was evaluated by PCR and recorded as disease incidence. Results indicated that the reduction in disease incidence after exposure to 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 μg/mL tebuconazole was 6.24, 37.48, 67.74, 81.24, and 93.74%, respectively. Significant differences between the concentrations of tebuconazole were observed. The PCR assay represents a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments for the control of S. reilianum in sorghum under laboratory conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerase Chain Reaction-Assisted Evaluation of the Efficacy of Seed-Treatment Prevention of Sporisorium reilianum Infection in Sorghum Seedlings

et al. 2021

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“…The identification of fungi using molecular markers is improved after DNA isolation from mycelium of pure and axenic cultures [100]. A great variety of DNA extraction methods are available [101]. Commercial kits and customized methods are typically employed.…”

Section: Detection Methods Of Contaminating Fungi and Mycotoxins In Nutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Contaminants and Mycotoxins in Nuts

Mirabile¹,

Bella²,

Vella³

et al. 2021

Nuts and Nut Products in Human Health and Nutrition

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Contamination by fungi and mycotoxins in nuts has achieved much attention in recent years. In fact, the fungal metabolites produced by the species of Aspergillus, Penicillium (aflatoxins and ochratoxins), Fusarium (trichothecenes, zearalenones and fumonisins) and Alternaria (alternariotoxins) with toxic and/or carcinogenic effects are considered a threat to human and animal health. In this chapter we will discuss the main fungal taxa and related mycotoxins most frequently associated with these materials. In this regard, the first results on the level of contamination by fungi and mycotoxins in samples of almonds and pistachios of different origins will be reported. The main strategies to reduce the risk of contamination will also be recommended.

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“…The list of most common diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi includes anthracnose, blight, canker, damping off, dieback, gall, leaf spot, powdery mildew, rust, root rot, scab, and wilt (Hariharan and Prasannath 2021).…”

Section: Harmful Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis: Botanical Insights Into The Major Causative Agents

Anjum¹

2021

Preprint

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Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis or phycomycosis), an aggressive, life-threatening infection is further aggravating the human health-impact of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a great deal of mostly misleading discussion is focused also on the aggravation of the COVID-19 accrued impacts due to the white and yellow fungal diseases. In addition to the knowledge of important risk factors, modes of spread, pathogenesis and host defences, a critical discussion on the botanical insights into the main causative agents of mucormycosis in the current context is very imperative. Given above, in this paper: (i) general background of the mucormycosis and COVID-19 is briefly presented; (ii) overview of fungi is presented, the major beneficial and harmful fungi are highlighted; and also the major ways of fungal infections such as mycosis, mycotoxicosis, and mycetismus are enlightened; (iii) the major causative agents of mucormycosis are critically discussed; (iv) the systematic position, occurrence, structure, and the major modes of reproduction are summarized for Rhizopus sp. and Mucor sp., the major causative agents of mucormycosis; (v) the other causative agents of mucormycosis includes Cunninghamella bertholletiae, Apophysomyces elegans, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Saksenaea, and Rhizomucor pusillus are briefly introduced; (vi) facts related with the infection-misnomers based on fungi colour are also highlighted; and lastly, (vii) the major take-home message and clues for future research on the subject are listed.

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Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostics of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Mini Review

Cited by 104 publications

References 201 publications

Polymerase Chain Reaction-Assisted Evaluation of the Efficacy of Seed-Treatment Prevention of Sporisorium reilianum Infection in Sorghum Seedlings

Polymerase Chain Reaction-Assisted Evaluation of the Efficacy of Seed-Treatment Prevention of Sporisorium reilianum Infection in Sorghum Seedlings

Fungal Contaminants and Mycotoxins in Nuts

Mucormycosis: Botanical Insights Into The Major Causative Agents

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