Rice as the most influential source of cadmium intake among general Japanese population

Tsukahara, Teruomi; Ezaki, Takafumi; Moriguchi, Jiro; Furuki, Katsuya; Shimbo, Shinichiro; Matsuda‐Inoguchi, Naoko; Ikeda, Masayuki

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00475-8

Cited by 175 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Contamination of agricultural soils by Cd and As has become an important issue as a result of industrial activities in the proximity of agricultural areas, excessive application of contaminated fertilizers, manures and sewage sludges, and irrigation with water contaminated with metal(loid)s (Roberts et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2008;Williams et al, 2009;Arao et al, 2010). Rice, the most important staple food in Asia, is considered to be a major source of Cd and As in the human diet in some parts of Japan, India and China (Tsukahara et al, 2003;Mondal and Polya, 2008;Liang et al, 2010). There is therefore an urgent need to develop mitigation measures to reduce As and Cd concentrations in rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Ouyang

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Sciences

127

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Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3-16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from 0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Ouyang

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Sciences

127

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“…Recent surveys in Sweden (5), the United Kingdom (6), and the United States (7,8) also showed measurable internal Cd levels within the general population, indicating the importance of reducing Cd exposure in the general population (9). In Asian countries, including Japan, up to 50% of the ingested Cd comes from rice and its products (4,10). The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Total Diet Study reported that the dietary intake of Cd among Americans increased by 26% from 1990 through 2003 and that this rise was correlated with an increased consumption of rice and other grains (11).…”

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Low-affinity cation transporter ( OsLCT1 ) regulates cadmium transport into rice grains

Uraguchi

Kamiya

Sakamoto

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

419

261

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Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains poses a potential health problem, especially in Asia. Most Cd in rice grains accumulates through phloem transport, but the molecular mechanism of this transport has not been revealed. In this study, we identified a rice Cd transporter, OsLCT1, involved in Cd transport to the grains. OsLCT1-GFP was localized at the plasma membrane in plant cells, and OsLCT1 showed Cd efflux activity in yeast. In rice plants, strong OsLCT1 expression was observed in leaf blades and nodes during the reproductive stage. In the uppermost node, OsLCT1 transcripts were detected around large vascular bundles and in diffuse vascular bundles. RNAi-mediated knockdown of OsLCT1 did not affect xylem-mediated Cd transport but reduced phloem-mediated Cd transport. The knockdown plants of OsLCT1 accumulated approximately half as much Cd in the grains as did the control plants. The content of other metals in rice grains and plant growth were not negatively affected by OsLCT1 suppression. These results suggest that OsLCT1 functions at the nodes in Cd transport into grains and that in a standard japonica cultivar, the regulation of OsLCT1 enables the generation of "low-Cd rice" without negative effects on agronomical traits. These findings identify a transporter gene for phloem Cd transport in plants.heavy metals | food safety

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“…Solid-solution partitioning models 1 Background, aim, and scope Metal contents in soils in and around industrialized areas throughout the world have increased, and metals like Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, and Cu have reached levels at which they pose risks for human health and the ecosystem (Dudka and Miller 1999). Human beings are exposed to heavy metals by, among other things, consumption of food grown on polluted soils (Fu et al 2008;Franz et al 2008), and consumption of rice is a major source of the total daily Cd intake in Asia (Watanabe et al 2000;Tsukahara et al 2002). In Taiwan, emission from industry and the use of untreated waste water from cities has caused widespread pollution of paddy fields with metals across the western plains (Chen 1991;Lu et al 2007).…”

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Characterization of soil heavy metal pools in paddy fields in Taiwan: chemical extraction and solid-solution partitioning

et al. 2009

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Background, aim, and scope Ongoing industrialization has resulted in an accumulation of metals like Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb in paddy fields across Southeast Asia. Risks of metals in soils depend on soil properties and the availability of metals in soil. At present, however, limited information is available on how to measure or predict the directly available fraction of metals in paddy soils. Here, the distribution of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb in 19 paddy fields among the total, reactive, and directly available pools was measured using recently developed concepts for aerated soils. Solid-solution partitioning models have been derived to predict the directly available metal pool. Such models are proven to be useful for risk assessment and to derive soil quality standards for aerated soils. , and directly available metal pools (0.01 M CaCl 2 ) were determined. Solid-solution partitioning models were derived by multiple linear regressions using an extended Freundlich equation using the reactive metal pool, pH, and the cation exchange capacity (CEC). The influence of Zn on metal partitioning and differences between both sampling events (May/November) were evaluated. Results Total metals contents range from background levels to levels in excess of current soil quality standards for arable land. Between 3% (Cr) and 30% (Cd) of all samples exceed present soil quality standards based on extraction with AR. Total metal levels decreased with an increasing distance from the irrigation water inlet. The reactive metal pool relative to the total metal content is increased in the order Cr << Ni = Zn < Pb < Cu < Cd and ranged from less than 10% for Cr to more than 70% for Cd. Despite frequent redox cycles, Cd, Pb, and Cu appear to remain rather reactive. The methods to determine the reactive metal pool in soils yield comparable results, although the 0.43 M HNO 3 extraction is slightly stronger than HCl and EDTA. The close correlation between these methods suggests that they release similar fractions from soils, probably those reversibly sorbed to soil organic matter (SOM) and clay. The average directly available pool ranged from less than 1% for Cu, Pb, and Cr to 10% for Ni, Zn, and Cd when compared to the reactive metal pool. For Cd, Ni, Zn, and to a lesser extent for Cu and Pb, solid-solution partitioning models were able to explain up to 93% (Cd) of the observed variation in the directly available metal pool. CaCl 2 extractable Zn increased the directly available pool for Ni, Cd, and Cu but not that of Pb and Cr. In the polluted soils, the directly available pool was higher in November compared to that in May. Differences in temperature, rainfall, and changes in soil properties such as pH are likely to contribute to the differences observed within the year. The solid-solution partitioning model failed to explain the variation in the directly available Cr pool, probably because Cr is present in precipitates rather than being adsorbed onto SOM and clay. Despite obvious differences in parent material, source of pollu...

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Rice as the most influential source of cadmium intake among general Japanese population

Cited by 175 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmium speciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Low-affinity cation transporter ( OsLCT1 ) regulates cadmium transport into rice grains

Characterization of soil heavy metal pools in paddy fields in Taiwan: chemical extraction and solid-solution partitioning

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