Rhodococcus Equi: An Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen?

Jones, Marilyn R.; Neale, T. J.; Say, P. J.; Horne, J. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1989.tb00213.x

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…En pacientes con SIDA la infección por R. equi se presenta en un estadio avanzado de la infección por VIH; de hecho, en un reporte español que incluyó 67 pacientes, el recuento promedio de linfocitos CD4(+) era de 35 cel/mm³ 9 . En individuos inmunocompetentes se han reportado a la fecha alrededor de veinticinco casos [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . La mortalidad asociada a la infección varía según la condición del hospedero, siendo de aproximadamente 11% en inmunocompetentes, 20-25% en pacientes inmunodeprimidos no-VIH y hasta 50-55% en pacientes con SIDA 20,21 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Neumonía cavitada por Rhodococcus equi en paciente inmunocomprometido no infectado por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: Caso clínico y revisión

et al. 2005

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Rev Chil Infect 2005; 22 (2): 155-160 CASO CLÍNICONeumonía cavitada por Rhodococcus equi en paciente inmunocomprometido no infectado por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Caso clínico y revisión RICARDO RABAGLIATI B., ARTURO MORALES S., RENÉ BAUDRAND B., JORGE JORQUERA A., DAVID ODDÓ B., PATRICIA GARCÍA C., M. CECILIA CARMONA P., MARCELA CISTERNAS M. y ÁLVARO HUETE G. Necrotizing pneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi in non HIV immunocompromised host. Case report and reviewRhodococcus equi, is a grampositive intracellular bacillus, that causes infection mainly in immunocompromised hosts. We report the case of a 52 years old woman, with a systemic lupus erythematosus and a progressive 10 months evolution with cough, dyspnea, mucous-purulent sputum, occasionally hemoptysis, intermittent fever, and weight loss of 10%. With partial response to antibiotic treatment, radiological evolution of thoracic scanners evidenced the development of multiple bilateral areas of consolidation, some of them nodular. Percutaneous thoracic biopsy showed characteristic histology and microbiological analysis yielded the identification of Rhodococcus equi in both bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary biopsy. She received prolonged bi-associated antibiotic treatment with good clinical and radiological response. This agent must be considered in the study of immunocompromised patients that present with a prolonged evolution of pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Neumonía cavitada por Rhodococcus equi en paciente inmunocomprometido no infectado por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: Caso clínico y revisión

et al. 2005

Rev. chil. infectol.

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“…In stained smears of clinical specimens, in particular, purulent material and tissue (biopsy, surgical, and autopsy), the coccoid form of R equi is usually seen. However, the bacillary form of R. equi has been reported for clinical specimens, such as blood, sputum, and bronchial lavage fluid (146,277,631). In contrast, for all of the reported non-R. equi Rhodococcus infections, smears prepared directly from clinical material have shown gram-positive coccobacilli (106,528,556); in smears prepared from sputum, the organisms were more filamentous than has been reported for R equi (433).…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical examination, culturing of the microorganism from tracheal aspirates, and thoracic -radiography and was supported by significant elevations in the levels of plasma fibrinogen and the counts of neutrophils and platelets. Treatment with rifampin and erythromycin was administered until plasma fibrinogen levels and neutrophil and platelet counts remained normal for 2 weeks (294 (95,191,277,613). In a recent review of R. equi-infected patients, 15 of 51 (29%) had a history of possible exposure to an animal source (149).…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes.

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“…Two cases of panophthalmitis followed penetrating eye injuries. In two cases (cervical lymphadenitis in a child, hepatic fistula in an adult) infection appeared to follow dissemination from the mouth or intestine (85,172).…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen

1991

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Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, in some cases following immunosuppression. The last decade has seen many advances in understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and immunity to infection in foals. The particular susceptibility of the foal is not understood but can be explained in part by a combination of heavy challenge through the respiratory route coinciding with declining maternally derived antibody in the absence of fully competent foal cellular immune mechanisms. R. equi is largely a soil organism but is widespread in the feces of herbivores. Its growth in soil is considerably improved by simple nutrients it obtains from herbivore manure. About one-third of human patients who have developed R. equi infections had contact in some way with herbivores or their manure. Others may have acquired infection from contact with soil or wild bird manure. R. equi is an intracellular parasite, which explains the typical pyogranulomatous nature of R. equi infections, the predisposition to infection in human patients with defective cell-mediated immune mechanisms, and the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs that penetrate phagocytic cells.

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Rhodococcus Equi: An Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen?

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Neumonía cavitada por Rhodococcus equi en paciente inmunocomprometido no infectado por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: Caso clínico y revisión

Neumonía cavitada por Rhodococcus equi en paciente inmunocomprometido no infectado por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: Caso clínico y revisión

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen

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