Rhodococcus antrifimi sp. nov., isolated from dried bat dung of a cave

Abstract

A Gram-reaction-positive, high DNA G+C content, non-motile actinobacterium, strain D7-21 T , was isolated from dried bat dung inside a natural cave and its taxonomic status was examined by using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence study showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Rhodococcus and formed a cluster with Rhodococcus defluvii (98.98 % gene similarity), Rhodococcus equi (98.62 %) and Rhodococcus kunmingensis (97.66 %). Whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic diamino acid and sugars. MK-8(H 2 ) was the predominant menaquinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and an unknown glycolipid. Mycolic acids were present. The major fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 v9c and 10-methyl C 18 : 0 . The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. A battery of phenotypic features and DNA-DNA relatedness data support that strain D7-21 T (5 KCTC 29469 T 5 DSM 46727 T ) represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which Rhodococcus antrifimi sp. nov. is proposed.

Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity

“…1; see also Table S2 in the supplemental material). The high abundance of novel species previously described from caves (19,20,(47)(48)(49) and the present report of 15 putative novel species with antifungal activity from bats caught in western U.S. caves illustrate the potential of caves as a valuable resource for the discovery of novel antimicrobials. It is possible that some of these bat-associated actinobacteria have the potential to be used as a probiotic in the control of WNS, with the additional environmental advantage that these microorganisms are already natural inhabitants of cave ecosystems (31).…”

“…In cave ecosystems, actinobacteria represent some of the most abundant microorganisms on cave walls and in guano (14)(15)(16)(17)(18), providing a rich reservoir for the discovery of novel bacterial species (19)(20)(21). Despite the high abundance of actinobacteria in caves, cultured-based studies are rare.…”

Rhodococcus cavernicola sp. nov., isolated from a cave, and Rhodococcus degradans is a later heterosynonym of Rhodococcus qingshengii

“…Members of the genus are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments, notably in dungs, soil and marine sediment, and show considerable heterogeneity of cell morphology in that short rods, filaments with elementary branching or branched substrate mycelium are formed during early phase of growth depending on strains but cocci and short rods are commonly formed by fragmentation of the rods, filaments and hyphae in the stationary phase of growth [2]. During screening of actinobacterial strains from a cave in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, many Rhodococcus strains have been isolated from the habitats such as dried bat dung [3] and soils [4, 5]. In this study, a strain designated C1-24 T among them was selected and characterized taxonomically by a polyphasic approach including genome sequencing, with the proposal of a new species of the genus Rhodococcus .…”

“…Growth was examined at different temperatures (4, 10, 20, 30, 35, 37 and 42 °C) and in the presence of 0–9 % (w/v) NaCl (at intervals of 1 %) on ISP 2 agar. Growth at pH 4–10 (at intervals of 1 pH unit) was determined in trypticase soy broth (TSB; Difco), pH of which was adjusted using the buffers described by Ko et al [3]. Gram staining, oxidase and catalase activities were checked as described previously [3].…”

Rhodococcus oryzae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…html), including the latest described species Rhodococcus electrodiphilus [4] and Rhodococcus olei [5]. Members of the genus Rhodococcus have been isolated from different habitats including soil, bug, wastewater, dung and marine coral reef [4,[6][7][8][9]. Members of the genus Rhodococcus are Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacteria and morphologically characterized as having a rod-coccus growth cycle.…”