Rhizospheric Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) strains exhibit bile salt hydrolysis, hypocholestrolemic and probiotic capabilities in vitro

Abstract

Lactobacillus plantarum (renamed as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) has been isolated from many sources but very rarely from rhizospheric soil. This is the first report on isolation and assessment of probiotic capabilities of L. plantarum strains isolated from rhizospheric soil. The isolates were confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and named as NS14, NS16 and NGG. All the isolates were evaluated for bile salt hydrolysis, hypocholestrolemic potential and probiotic attributes. Our results indicated that all the strains harboured bsh and showed in vitro cholesterol assimilation capabilities which increased when bile salts were also present in the culture medium. Also, all the strains remained viable at high temperatures and in the presence of NaCl, lysozyme, simulated gastric juice, bile salts and, exhibited auto- and co-aggregation capabilities. Additionally, L. plantarum strain NS14 survived in the presence of phenols, acidic environment (pH 2–3) and was resistant to many clinically relevant antibiotics. Since, L. plantarum NS14 exhibited most of the desirable and essential characteristics of a probiotic it should be further investigated as a potent probiotic with an additional benefit as a hypocholesterolemic biotherapeutic. Moreover, rhizosphere can be explored as a useful ecological niche for isolating microorganisms with biotechnological and probiotic potential.

Bile salt hydrolase and cholesterol assimilation potential of lactobacilli fromNigerian fermented foods and human sources

“…This suggests that, contrary to previously held opinion (Tanaka et al 1999;Begley et al 2006), presence of bile acids may be no sine qua non for the successful isolation of BSH-active Lactobacillaceae from a given ecosystem. This assertion is supported by reports of Singhal et al (2021) who, most unexpectedly, reported isolating highly BSH-active, hypocholestorelemic, probiotic-capable Lactobacillaceae from rhizospheric soils in India. Free-living bacteria isolated from marine sediments (Methanosarcina acetorum) and Antarctica lakes (Planococcus antarticus) have, most unexpectedly, been reported to also synthesize BSH (Jones et al 2008).…”

Probiotics Interact With Lipids Metabolism and Affect Gut Health

“…Among them, bile acids combined with glycine or taurine, and then flow into the intestine through the gallbladder to participate in the emulsification of dietary fat and promote absorption. Conjugated bile acids first generate cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid under the action of intestinal bacterial bile acid hydrolase, and then generate 7-deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid under the action of bile acid 7α dehydroxylase ( 78 – 80 ). Most of the bile acids in the intestine are actively absorbed and passively diffused into the liver through the portal vein, and the rest are excreted in the feces.…”

“…Several probiotic strains have been extensively studied and their benefits to human health have been widely documented. For example, it has been reported that probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium longum , Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. casei, L. plantarum , exhibit bile salt hydrolases ( 42 , 72 – 74 , 80 , 81 ). For example, L. casei pWQH01, which overexpresses bsh 1 from L. plantarum AR113, appear to improve steatosis in vitro in a BSH-dependent manner ( 81 ).…”

One Health Probiotics as Biocontrol Agents: One Health Tomato Probiotics

“…Strains of Lpb. plantarum (and/or its bioactive products), having an ability to ferment a broad spectrum of plant carbohydrates [ 119 ], probiotic effects on human [ 67 , 150 , 151 ] and animal health [ 48 , 120 , 152 ], as well as being found in dairy products [ 152 , 153 ], vegetables [ 154 ], sauerkraut, pickles, some cheeses, fermented sausages, fish products [ 155 ] and rhizospheric soil [ 156 ], are probably the best candidates for “One Health” probiotics (and for “One Health—tomato” probiotics). According to Table 2 , the strains of L. acidophilus , L. delbrueckii , Lcb.…”