Rhizoctonia solani and Its Biological Control

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani is a soil- and seed-borne fungus belonging to class basidiomycete and capable of living free and as a saprophyte in the soil. It is divided into 14 anastomosis groups (AGs), which are incompatible with each other in terms of reproduction and proliferation. It has the potential to cause disease in various annual and perennial fruits, vegetables, and industrial and cereal crops. Plant diseases are mostly controlled by cultural methods; however, sometimes chemical control is also employed for this purpose. However, these control methods are mostly insufficient due to the soil-borne and saprophytic nature of the fungus. Therefore, researchers are working on other alternative methods. Biological control is one of the important ones among these methods. Antagonists used in biological control directly interact with R. solani through hyper-parasitism, antibiosis, or competition. Furthermore, antagonists trigger the defense reaction of host plants, which improves the control over the pathogens. The most important fungi species among these antagonists are; Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., Verticillium biguttatum, and Stachybotrys elegans. The most important bacteria species used for the management of R. solani are; Fluoresent pseudomonas, Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Erwinia spp. This review is focused on the biology, anastomosis groups, and biological control of R. solani. The antagonists used in biological control and studied mechanisms have been explained with examples. The review has been concluded with the latest developments in the literature.

Biodiversity of Rhizoctonia solani in Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds in East Delta of Egypt

“…Virulence degrees in disease symptoms, host range, and geographical position are crucial features of R. solani isolates, which indicate that there are several strains of the pathogen and provide basic information for disease control [49]. The results presented in this study are consistent with the results of previous studies in the same field, which have shown that R. solani is one of the most widespread and ubiquitous seed-borne fungi in the world, as well as in Egypt [50][51][52][53]. These results are also consistent with previous studies, which have confirmed that there is a major change in the distribution and prevalence of R. solani in different proportions in the seeds of beans [51,54].…”

Recent Advances in Microbial-Assisted Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

“…produce xanthobaccin, kanosamine, oligomycin A and zwittermicin, which have been recognized as antibiotics having antifungal, antiviral, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. It has been shown that the antibiotic 'pyrrolnitrin', produced by the P. fluorescens BL915 strain, defends cotton plants against Rhizoctonia solani in Cd-contaminated soil [250]. There have been several studies into efflux processes.…”

Endophytic Bacillus subtilis SR22 Triggers Defense Responses in Tomato against Rhizoctonia Root Rot

“…A variety of strategies have been used to manage this disease including chemical, physical, crop rotation, resistant cultivars, and biological control [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Among these alternative techniques, biological control is the most favorable, owing to its safety, eco-friendliness, and efficiency [ 12 ]. The biological control of R. solani on various crops has been extensively studied [ 10 , 11 , 13 ].…”