Rhizobium meliloti produces a family of sulfated lipooligosaccharides exhibiting different degrees of plant host specificity.

Schultze, Michael; Quiclet-Sire, B; Kondorosi, Éva; Virelizer, H; Glushka, John; Endré, Gabriella; Géro, S. D.; Kondorosi, Ádám

doi:10.1073/pnas.89.1.192

Cited by 242 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The first deformation occurs within 1 h after Nod factor application, whereas an increased cytoplasmic streaming occurs within 30 min (data not shown). In most other studies, root hair deformation was first scored several days after Nod factor application (Lerouge et al, 1990;Spaink et al, 1991;Price et al, 1992;Sanjuan et al, 1992;Schultze et al, 1992;Mergaert et al, 1993). Therefore, it is not clear whether such studies provide an accurate comparison of the abilities of different Nod factors to induce deformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…105, 1994 deformation was scored 3 h after inoculation with R. leguminosarum bv trifolii and these deformed root hairs were present in a zone located 2 to 5 mm from the tip (Bhuvaneswari and Solheim, 1985). However, in a11 but one (Firmin et al, 1993) of the studies to determine Nod factor activity, root hair deformation was examined severa1 days after addition of Nod factor (Lerouge et al, 1990;Spaink et al, 1991;Price et al, 1992;Sanjuan et al, 1992;Schultze et al, 1992;Mergaert et al, 1993).…”

Section: Research (Nwo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Hair Deformation Activity of Nodulation Factors and Their Fate on Vicia sativa

et al. 1994

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We used a semiquantitative root hair deformation assay for Vicia sativa (vetch) to study the activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae nodulation (Nod) factors. Five to 10 min of Nod factor-root interaction appears to be sufficient to induce root hair deformation. The Rhizobium-legume interaction starts with the exchange of signal molecules between both partners. Flavonoids secreted by the roots of the host plant trigger the expression of the nodulation (nod) genes of Rhizobium, resulting in the synthesis of specific lipooligosaccharides named

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research (Nwo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Hair Deformation Activity of Nodulation Factors and Their Fate on Vicia sativa

et al. 1994

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“…Nod factors were purified from S. meliloti strain 1021(pEK327) (Schultze et al 1992). Supernatants of bacterial cultures were extracted with n-butanol and fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC (Waters C18 column), using 35% acetonitrile/water, 40 mM ammonium acetate as the mobile phase.…”

Section: Treatments and Culture Of Plants Bacteria And Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinorhizobium meliloti-induced chitinase gene expression in Medicago truncatula ecotype R108-1: a comparison between symbiosis-specific class�V and defence-related class�IV chitinases

Salzer

Feddermann

Wiemken

et al. 2004

Planta

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The Medicago truncatula (Gaertn.) ecotypes Jemalong A17 and R108-1 differ in Sinorhizobium meliloti-induced chitinase gene expression. The pathogen-inducible class IV chitinase gene, Mtchit 4, was strongly induced during nodule formation of the ecotype Jemalong A17 with the S. meliloti wild-type strain 1021. In the ecotype R108-1, the S. meliloti wild types Sm1021 and Sm41 did not induce Mtchit 4 expression. On the other hand, expression of the putative class V chitinase gene, Mtchit 5, was found in roots of M. truncatula cv. R108-1 nodulated with either of the rhizobial strains. Mtchit 5 expression was specific for interactions with rhizobia. It was not induced in response to fungal pathogen attack, and not induced in roots colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Elevated Mtchit 5 gene expression was first detectable in roots forming nodule primordia. In contrast to Mtchit 4, expression of Mtchit 5 was stimulated by purified Nod factors. Conversely, Mtchit 4 expression was strongly elevated in nodules formed with the K-antigen-deficient mutant PP699. Expression levels of Mtchit 5 were similarly increased in nodules formed with PP699 and its parental wild-type strain Sm41. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of Mtchit 5 (calculated molecular weight = 41,810 Da, isoelectric point pH 7.7) and Mtchit 4 (calculated molecular weight 30,527 Da, isoelectric point pH 4.9) revealed that the putative Mtchit 5 chitinase forms a separate clade within class V chitinases of plants, whereas the Mtchit 4 chitinase clusters with pathogen-induced class IV chitinases from other plants. These findings demonstrate that: (i) Rhizobium-induced chitinase gene expression in M. truncatula occurs in a plant ecotype-specific manner, (ii) Mtchit 5 is a putative chitinase gene that is specifically induced by rhizobia, and (iii) rhizobia-specific and defence-related chitinase genes are differentially influenced by rhizobial Nod factors and K antigens.Keywords Class IV and V chitinase AE K antigen AE Medicago truncatula ecotypes R108-1 and Jemalong A17 AE Nod factors AE Sinorhizobium AE Suppression of plant defence

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“…Root hair deformation is induced by purified Nod factors at concentrations as low as 10"'^ M Spaink et al, 1991;Price et aL, 1992;Sanjuan et aL, 1992;Schultze et aL, 1992;Mergeart et aL, 1993;Heidstra et al, 1994). In general, however, to obtain root-hair curling rhizobia are required .…”

Section: Epidermismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nod factor‐induced host responses and mechanisms of Nod factor perception

Heidstra

Bisseling

1996

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYSoil bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium and Azorhizobium are able to invade the roots of their leguminous host plants, where they trigger the formation of a new organ, the root nodule. At least two steps of signal exchange between the bacterium and the host plant are involved in starting the interaction. In the first step, flavonoids excreted by the plant indtjce the transcription of bacterial nodulation genes (nod genes). The itiduction of these nod genes leads tO' the .synthesis of specific lipo-oligosaccharides (called Nod factors) that can induce various root responses, e.g. root hair deformation, depolarization of the root hair membrane potential, induction of nodulin gene expression, and formation of nodule primordia.We will focus on the various nod factor-induced plant responses. We will discuss the ways these responses can be used to itiiprove our knowledge of the mechanism of Nod factor perception. Furthermore, plant genes, in particular the syni2 allele frotn .-Afghanistan pea, encoding proteins that probably are involved in Nod factor recognition, are discussed. Based on the Nod factor-induced plant responses and the phenotype displayed by sym2 peas, a model wtll be presented of how Nod factors tnay be perceived.

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Rhizobium meliloti produces a family of sulfated lipooligosaccharides exhibiting different degrees of plant host specificity.

Cited by 242 publications

References 25 publications

Root Hair Deformation Activity of Nodulation Factors and Their Fate on Vicia sativa

Root Hair Deformation Activity of Nodulation Factors and Their Fate on Vicia sativa

Sinorhizobium meliloti-induced chitinase gene expression in Medicago truncatula ecotype R108-1: a comparison between symbiosis-specific class�V and defence-related class�IV chitinases

Nod factor‐induced host responses and mechanisms of Nod factor perception

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