Root Hair Deformation Activity of Nodulation Factors and Their Fate on Vicia sativa

Heidstra, Renze; Geurts, René; Franssen, Henk; Spaink, Herman P.; Kammen, A. van; Bisseling, Ton

doi:10.1104/pp.105.3.787

Cited by 227 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Studies on soybean have shown that if the NO 3 − treatment is delayed until 18 h after rhizobial inoculation its inhibitory effect is greatly diminished (Malik et al, 1987), indicating that in this species the earliest stages of nodulation are the most sensitive. In experiments with vetch (Vicia sativa) it was shown that to be effective at suppressing root hair deformation an NH 4 NO 3 treatment had to begin at least 24 h before the addition of the rhizobial Nod factor (which is able to initiate the process of root hair curling) (Heidstra et al, 1994). The finding that the root hairs had to develop in the presence of NH 4 NO 3 for its effect to be seen, suggested that the NH 4 NO 3 treatment might be interfering with perception or transduction of the Nod factor signal or that that the NH 4 NO 3 somehow alters the development of the root hairs so that they are unable to curl (Heidstra et al, 1994).…”

Section: Nodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experiments with vetch (Vicia sativa) it was shown that to be effective at suppressing root hair deformation an NH 4 NO 3 treatment had to begin at least 24 h before the addition of the rhizobial Nod factor (which is able to initiate the process of root hair curling) (Heidstra et al, 1994). The finding that the root hairs had to develop in the presence of NH 4 NO 3 for its effect to be seen, suggested that the NH 4 NO 3 treatment might be interfering with perception or transduction of the Nod factor signal or that that the NH 4 NO 3 somehow alters the development of the root hairs so that they are unable to curl (Heidstra et al, 1994). The former possibility was eliminated when the NH 4 NO 3 treatment was shown not to block induction by the Nod factor of the VsLb1 gene, which is one of the earliest events in the root hair's response to rhizobial infection (Heidstra et al, 1997).…”

Section: Nodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nutritional control of root development

Forde

Lorenzo

2002

Interactions in the Root Environment: An Integrated Approach

221

254

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Root development is remarkably sensitive to variations in the supply and distribution of inorganic nutrients in the soil. Here we review examples of the ways in which nutrients such as N, P, K and Fe can affect developmental processes such as root branching, root hair production, root diameter, root growth angle, nodulation and proteoid root formation. The nutrient supply can affect root development either directly, as a result of changes in the external concentration of the nutrient, or indirectly through changes in the internal nutrient status of the plant. The direct pathway results in developmental responses that are localized to the part of the root exposed to the nutrient supply; the indirect pathway produces systemic responses and seems to depend on long-distance signals arising in the shoot. We propose the term 'trophomorphogenesis' to describe the changes in plant morphology that arise from variations in the availability or distribution of nutrients in the environment. We discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of external and internal nutrient sensing, the possible nature of the long-distance signals and the role of hormones in the trophomorphogenic response.Abbreviations: ABA, abscisic acid; NR, nitrate reductase; P i , inorganic phosphate

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Section: Nodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutritional control of root development

Forde

Lorenzo

2002

Interactions in the Root Environment: An Integrated Approach

221

254

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“…The root hair infection process is intimately associated with the reorientation of polarized tip growth of root hairs in the susceptible root zone close to the root tip. The root hairs of the infection zone exhibit altered growth behavior, called root hair deformation or root hair curling (Heidstra et al, 1994). Root hair deformation is the result of isotropic growth, by which the tip of the hair swells and then grows in an altered direction (Esseling et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Small GTPase ROP10 of Medicago truncatula Is Required for Both Tip Growth of Root Hairs and Nod Factor-Induced Root Hair Deformation

Lei

Wang

et al. 2015

Plant Cell

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Rhizobia preferentially enter legume root hairs via infection threads, after which root hairs undergo tip swelling, branching, and curling. However, the mechanisms underlying such root hair deformation are poorly understood. Here, we showed that a type II small GTPase, ROP10, of Medicago truncatula is localized at the plasma membrane (PM) of root hair tips to regulate root hair tip growth. Overexpression of ROP10 and a constitutively active mutant (ROP10CA) generated depolarized growth of root hairs, whereas a dominant negative mutant (ROP10DN) inhibited root hair elongation. Inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti, the depolarized swollen and ballooning root hairs exhibited extensive root hair deformation and aberrant infection symptoms. Upon treatment with rhizobia-secreted nodulation factors (NFs), ROP10 was transiently upregulated in root hairs, and ROP10 fused to green fluorescent protein was ectopically localized at the PM of NF-induced outgrowths and curls around rhizobia. ROP10 interacted with the kinase domain of the NF receptor NFP in a GTP-dependent manner. Moreover, NF-induced expression of the early nodulin gene ENOD11 was enhanced by the overexpression of ROP10 and ROP10CA. These data suggest that NFs spatiotemporally regulate ROP10 localization and activity at the PM of root hair tips and that interactions between ROP10 and NF receptors are required for root hair deformation and continuous curling during rhizobial infection.

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“…Nod factors are responsible for the induction of a series of responses in the host, such as depolarization of the root hair plasma membrane (Ehrhardt et al, 1992;Felle et al, 1995;Kurkdjian, 1995), alkalinization of root hair cells (Felle et al, 1996), oscillation of the free cytoplasmic calcium concentration in root hairs (Ehrhardt et al, 1996), induction of root hair deformation (Lerouge et al, 1990;Spaink et al, 1991;Heidstra et al, 1994), induction of early nodulin (ENOD) genes (Horvath et al, 1993;Journet et al, 1994), and mitotic reactivation of cortical cells (Spaink et al, 1991). The latter is the beginning of the formation of primordia which, upon infection by rhizobia, develop into root nodules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sym2 of Pea Is Involved in a Nodulation Factor-Perception Mechanism That Controls the Infection Process in the Epidermis

et al. 1997

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Since the induction of the early nodulin gene FNODl2 in the epidermis and the formation of a nodule primordium in the inner cortex were not affected, we conclude that more than one Nod factor-perception mechanism is active. Furthermore, we show that symp-mediated control of infection-thread growth was affected by the bacterial nodulation gene nodO.Rhizobium bacteria have the ability to induce a developmental process in the root of leguminous plants that results in the formation of a new organ, the root nodule. These new organs create the environment in which the bacteria fix nitrogen to ammonia, which can subsequently be utilized by the plant.The symbiotic interaction of Rhizobium sp. bacteria and leguminous plants is set in motion by the exchange of signal molecules. Plant-excreted flavonoids induce the expression of bacterial nodulation (nod) genes, which are responsible for the synthesis of specific lipochitin oligosaccharides, named Nod factors (Lerouge et al., 1990;Spaink et al., 1991). Nod factors consist of a tetra-or pentameric N-acetylglucosamine backbone with a fatty acyl chain at the nonreducing terminal sugar moiety. Substituents at the terminal sugar residues and the structure of the acyl chain determine the differences in biological activity and host specificity (for review, see Carlson et al., 1994).The role of Nod factor structure in host specificity is exemplified as follows: alfalfa (Medicago sativa) belongs to the cross-inoculation group that can be nodulated by Rhi- zobium meliloti, which produces Nod factors with a sulfate group at the reducing sugar (Lerouge et al., 1990). In contrast, pea (Pisum sativum) is nodulated by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae, which produces Nod factors that lack a substitution at that position (Spaink et al., 1991). When the host-specificity genes nodH, nodP, and nodQ, which are responsible for the sulfation of the Nod factors in R. meliloti, are introduced into R. leguminosarum bv viciae these bacteria can now induce noninfected, nodule-like structures on alfalfa but concomitantly lose their ability to nodulate pea and vetch (Faucher et al

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Root Hair Deformation Activity of Nodulation Factors and Their Fate on Vicia sativa

Cited by 227 publications

References 22 publications

The nutritional control of root development

The nutritional control of root development

The Small GTPase ROP10 of Medicago truncatula Is Required for Both Tip Growth of Root Hairs and Nod Factor-Induced Root Hair Deformation

Sym2 of Pea Is Involved in a Nodulation Factor-Perception Mechanism That Controls the Infection Process in the Epidermis

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