Rhinovirus‐Associated Hospitalizations in Young Children

Abstract

Rhinoviruses were associated with nearly 5 hospitalizations/1000 children <5 years of age and were highest in children with a history of wheezing/asthma.

Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children

“…In the USA, the rhinovirus was implicated in 26% of children younger than five years of age hospitalised for acute respiratory disease. 14 The rhinovirus was detected more frequently than RSV, the virus traditionally linked to most lower airway morbidity and was highly associated with a history of asthma. In infants under six months of age, apnoea was common (7 out of 62).…”

Human rhinovirus in the lower respiratory tract infections of young children and the possible involvement of a secondary respiratory viral agent

“…Due to advances in nucleic acid amplification, we can now detect HRV and determine when HRV is the causative agent of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) (Choi et al 2006, Miller et al 2007, Gerna et al 2009, Louie et al 2009). HRV is frequently detected in children diagnosed with bronchiolitis and pneumonia (Manoha et al 2007, Miller et al 2007, Louie et al 2009).…”

“…Due to advances in nucleic acid amplification, we can now detect HRV and determine when HRV is the causative agent of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) (Choi et al 2006, Miller et al 2007, Gerna et al 2009, Louie et al 2009). HRV is frequently detected in children diagnosed with bronchiolitis and pneumonia (Manoha et al 2007, Miller et al 2007, Louie et al 2009). Additionally, HRV can cause severe complications in patients that are immunocompromised (Malcolm et al 2001) or have underlying chronic disorders (Kim & Hodinka 1998, Glezen et al 2000, Cheuk et al 2007, Dreschers et al 2007.…”

“…Identification of HRV co-infection with other respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (Papadopoulos et al 2002, Miller et al 2007, ParanhosBaccalà et al 2008, Marguet et al 2009), is possible because of advances in the molecular detection of HRV (Aberle et al 2005, Jacques et al 2006, Calvo et al 2008. Scientists have questioned whether or not HRV co-infections lead to more severe clinical syndromes, cause longer hospitalisations and affect younger children more frequently (Drews et al 1997, Papadopoulos et al 2002, Calvo et al 2007, 2008, Gerna et al 2009, Midulla et al 2010.…”

Ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro

“…Moreover HRVs cause upper respiratory tract infections at all ages and are the main cause of LRTIs leading to hospitalisation in infants and young children outside of the winter RSV bronchiolitis season (Montalbano and Lemanske, 2002;Kotaniemi-Syrjänen et al, 2003;;Hayden, 2004;Korppi et al, 2004;Miller et al, 2007;Wiehler and Proud, 2007;Peltola et al, 2008;Lachowicz-Scroggins et al, 2010;Jartti and Korppi, 2011;Rollinger and Schmidtke,2011;Skevaki et al, 2012;Aya Takeyama et al, 2014 ).…”