Rheological properties, shear‐dependent electrical resistance, and settling phenomena of polyaniline in ECO solution

Abstract

Polyaniline (PAni) was synthesized by the miniemulsion polymerization and dispersed in a poly(epichlorohydrine-co-ethylene oxide) (ECO) solution. The rheological properties using an R/S Rheometer and the sheardependent electrical resistance using a homemade setup were measured. The addition of PAni particles to the ECO solution causes an increase in the shear stress and shear viscosity and the nature of flow changes from a dilatant to a Newtonian fluid. For both the ECO solution and ECOPAni mixture, the viscosity at any particular shear rate is higher during the increasing cycle of shear rate compared with the decreasing cycle of shear rate called hysteresis. The ECO-PAni mixture executes a step-like viscosity transition over the shear rate region 50-150 s À1, which is known as shear rate-induced phase transition. The resistance of ECO solution decreases with the increase in shear rate and reversibly increases with the decrease in shear rate, whereas the resistance of ECO-PAni mixture increases during both the increasing and decreasing cycles of the shear rate. The difference in resistance at zero shear rate before and after the end of shear cycle is termed as electrical set. The ECO solution and ECO-PAni mixture exhibit 4% and 79% electrical set in terms of decrease and increase of resistance, respectively. The settling process of PAni in the ECO-PAni mixture is slower compared with the pure ECO in solution. The settling time of PAni in the ECO-PAni mixture increases with the decrease in shear rate.

Synthesis of polyaniline nanostructures in micellar solutions

“…The resulting composites combine the advantageous electrical, redox, or optical properties of ICP with mechanical properties of the host polymer through the ratio of ICP versus the insulting polymer 11. Consequently, there is a wide scope for the practical applications of such composites 12–20. PMMA is used to improve the mechanical properties and processability of PANI.…”

Seeded swelling polymerized sea urchin-like core–shell typed polystyrene/polyaniline particles and their electric stimuli-response

“…Consequently, PANI and its family with different shapes, composites, core-shell structured microspheres, and copolymers have been introduced as potential ER materials. [14][15][16][17][18] On the other hand, the morphology of PANI is known to be associated with experimental conditions of its synthesis such as temperature, pH, type of oxidant, ratio of the oxidant to monomer and type of polymerization. [19][20][21][22][23] Note that morphology of the dispersed particles associated with shape or size changes of the particles is reported to be an important factor in the rheological performance for ER uids.…”