Rheological Characterization of Ethanolamine Gel Propellants

Jyoti, Botchu Vara Siva; Baek, Seung Wook

doi:10.1080/07370652.2015.1061617

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this article, the choice of mass fraction of components in a gel fuel was based on these parameters (type of gelling agent and its weight percent). The criterion for choosing the mass fraction of components for gelation of parent fuel is based on the viscoelastic property which in turn depends on type and weight percent of gelling agent [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The references [6][7][8][9][10][11] discuss the detailed understanding of gel fuel formulation and its rheological characterization.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It remains in the liquid state at ambient pressure in a wide range of temperature and is relatively easy to handle with respect to other liquid rocket propellants like dinitrogen tetroxide, HNO 3 (density = 1.51 g/cm 3 , vapor pressure= 6399. 5 Pa and freezing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 point = À42 8C), LOx (density = 1.141 g/cm 3 , and freezing point = À218.79 8C) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the gellant used being organic in nature actively participate in combustion. Secondly, The gel system have the benefits of both liquid and solid propellant [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Hypergolicity of such bipropellant system with hydrogen peroxide can be achieved through suitable catalyst as a catalytically driven hypergolic bipropellant system [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In past [18,19], weight percent of the gelling agent was reduced up to 6 wt.%, in present studies this weight percent was further reduced. The weight percent (wt.%) of gelling agent for gelation with respect to the formulated gel propellant are discussed in the previous publications [6][7][8][17][18][19], this is done to dominate the parent propellant properties and to reduce the effect of gelling agent as much as possible, for better performance. Propellants are generally characterized based on its thermal energy generated during their combustion for propulsion application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Alcohol Carbon Chain on Enthalpy of Combustion and Ignition Delay Time for Gelled Hypergolic Propellant System

Shoaib

Jyoti

Baek

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Study conducted for this paper was to understand the effect on a) enthalpy of combustion and b) ignition delay for gelled hypergolic propellants for the alcohol family, when carbon chain length is varied from ethanol to heptanol. Gel propellant formulated from the alcohol family, ethanol to heptanol, using organic gel with least weight percent added was 2 wt% by weight of the gelling agent. It was observed that the enthalpy of combustion of only pure ethanol gel fuel shows a marked increase in energy with respect to pure liquid and metalized gelled ethanol. Whereas, in the case of other alcohol fuel from propanol to heptanol, the enthalpy of combustion of both gel and metalized gel case is lower with respect to their respective liquid state. Hypergolicity of the formulated gel propellant were achieved using two catalyst CCAT (Copper (II) chloride) and MCAT (Manganese (II) acetylacetonate) with Hydrogen Peroxide (Purity>90 %). The ignition delay time of the formulated gel system with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalyst was also investigated and it was observed that the ignition delay time of the all the investigated gels (both pure and metalized) were lower with MCAT with respect to CCAT. The delay time increases for both the catalysts with formulated gel alcohol fuel with increasing carbon chain. At the same time with increase in carbon chain and decrease in vapor density of the fuel, the respective investigated fuel in liquid phase were not hypergolic in the presence of MCAT and CCAT catalyst except for propanol and butanol, which showed hypergolicity only with CCAT.

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Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Alcohol Carbon Chain on Enthalpy of Combustion and Ignition Delay Time for Gelled Hypergolic Propellant System

Shoaib

Jyoti

Baek

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Thus, the properties of gelators also have an important influence on the performance of gel propellants system. Both organic polymer and low-molecular mass gelators were developed for the formation of gel propellants [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Cellulose-based derivatives are commonly employed polymer gelators for gelling fuels, but large amounts of polymer gelators are normally required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Metalized JP-10 Gel Propellants with Excellent Thixotropic Performance

Chen

Guan

et al. 2017

Prop., Explos., Pyrotech.

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The preparation and characterization of a series of D‐gluconic acetal supramolecular organic gelators (Gn) which can form gel with high‐energy density hydrocarbon fuel JP‐10 are reported. Rheological measurements show G8 gel exhibits strong mechanical strength at a concentration of 2 wt %, while G18 gel has a remarkable yield stress. What's more, JP‐10 gels show thixotropy with high viscosity, especially for the G8‐based gel, which has an instantaneous recovery ratio. The CGC (critical gelator concentration) of G8 is less than 0.1 wt %, known as a super gelator. More interestingly, G18 can gel JP‐10 at room temperature, which is the first example of room temperature gel propellant formed by a supramolecular gelator. Nano accelerants (Al, B) are dispersed into the gel propellant system, which can be stable for months. The presence of 50 nm Al powder in G8‐based gel can significantly increase its mechanical strength, yield stress and viscosity, as well as thixotropy.

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Hypergolic Studies of Ethanol Based Gelled Bi-Propellant System for Propulsion Application

Naseem

Jyoti

Baek

et al. 2017

Prop., Explos., Pyrotech.

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The experiments conducted in this study examined the hypergolicity and ignition delay of the formulated ethanol gelled fuel and hydrogen peroxide oxidizer bipropellant system. The hypergolicity and ignition delay data for bipropellant system are very important for propulsion applications. It was observed that the ethanol based gelled fuel systems were hypergolic with hydrogen peroxide (90% pure) in a presence of a suitable catalyst. The observed ignition delay was within the range of 10~50 ms, which was comparable with the existing liquid hypergolic bipropellant systems. Temperature profile also indicated that the hypergolic system attained a very high temperature profile range of 1000 8C to 1400 8C for a very small weight percent of fuel. Experiments conducted with two separate volumes of oxidizer, 14 ml and 50 ml. In both cases the propellant system was fuel rich. It was also observed that the formation of cage in the gel network, which could encapsulate the higher temperature gases and flame in a network, might be a plausible reason for recorded higher ignition delay.

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Rheological Characterization of Ethanolamine Gel Propellants

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Alcohol Carbon Chain on Enthalpy of Combustion and Ignition Delay Time for Gelled Hypergolic Propellant System

Effect of Alcohol Carbon Chain on Enthalpy of Combustion and Ignition Delay Time for Gelled Hypergolic Propellant System

Preparation and Characterization of Metalized JP-10 Gel Propellants with Excellent Thixotropic Performance

Hypergolic Studies of Ethanol Based Gelled Bi-Propellant System for Propulsion Application

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