Rheological behavior and flow induced microstructural changes of cement-based mortars assessed by Pressure Mapped Squeeze Flow

Grandes, Franco A.; Sakano, Victor Keniti; Rego, Andressa C.A.; Rebmann, Markus Samuel; Cardoso, F. A.; Pileggi, Rafael Giuliano

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.082

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The results of this type of experimentation can help assess shape retentive qualities of composites and their ability to hold up the weight of sequential layers. The squeeze flow method also gives insight to the phase separation of the fluid material if any occurs (Grandes et al 2021).…”

Section: Squeeze Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D printing structures for extreme temperatures using metakaolin based geopolymers

Al-Chaar¹,

Brandvold²,

Kozych³

et al. 2023

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Geopolymers (GPs) are a class of amorphous, aluminosilicate-based ceramics that cure at room temperature. GPs are formed by mixing an aluminosilicate source, which is metakaolin in this case, with an alkali activator solution, which can be either sodium or potassium water glass. GPs have attracted interest for use in structural applications over the past few decades because they have superior mechanical properties to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Additionally, they can tolerate much higher temperatures and produce a fraction of the CO₂ compared to OPC. This project aims to develop geopolymer composites for 4D printing (the fourth dimension being time) and test their mechanical properties. Rheology and the effects of curing in ambient conditions will be evaluated for fresh geopolymer. Freeze-thaw resistance will be evaluated on potentially printable composites for extreme temperature resistance, etc.

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Section: Squeeze Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D printing structures for extreme temperatures using metakaolin based geopolymers

Al-Chaar¹,

Brandvold²,

Kozych³

et al. 2023

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show abstract

“…24,28 The underlying theory and a full explanation of the significance of squeeze flow is presented by Engmann et al 18 Typical squeeze-flow curves have three relatively distinct sections that help characterize the flow: an initial region of small strain as a result of the elastic behavior of the material, a second, longer, linear region defined by the plastic flow, and finally a final strain hardening stage where further deformation of the material requires substantially more load. 29,30 The primary region of interest for this study is stage three, where jamming of reinforcement materials dictates the decreased flowability and deformation resistance of the geopolymer composite. This directly relates to the ability of the printed material to support its own layer weight and the weight of successive layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological assessment of metakaolin‐based geopolymer composites through squeeze flow

2023

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Geopolymer (GP) composites show great potential as a replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in construction material, extrusion‐based, and additive manufacturing. The rheological properties of highly viscous and reinforced systems have not yet been well studied, due to limitations in the current state of the art rheometers and viscometers, such as size and torque limits. In this study, the basic rheological properties of highly reinforced, geopolymer composites with potential for 3D printing are innovatively investigated with “squeeze flow” and “flow table” tests commonly used in civil engineering. Squeeze‐flow rates of 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 mm/s were assessed with varying sand weight percentages or basalt fiber lengths and compared to a conventional OPC mixture to differentiate the flow properties and deformation resistance of both materials. It is shown that the deformation resistance as a result of jamming increases with increasing solid reinforcement percentages, but that the overall effect of fiber size is somewhat inconclusive. In addition, the effect of squeeze‐flow rate exhibits an increase in load required to initiate flow at lower squeezing rates, but, upon reaching a certain ratio of solids to liquid in the matrix, the results become variable.

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“…The experimental procedure can be adjusted to allow for the evaluation of various classes of materials in a wide range of consistencies, including suspensions with different particle size distributions and solid content. 7,8 Each rheometric technique involves a different set of conditions and stimuli, and those found during squeeze flow can be related to a wide array of practical applications of cementitious materials, such as pumping, injection, spraying, spreading, finishing, and extrusion. 8 For the increasingly used 3D printing applications, the deposited layers are compressed in between other layers, and this has been simulated with load-controlled squeeze flow to evaluate yield stress, wall bearing capacity, shape stability, and failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Each rheometric technique involves a different set of conditions and stimuli, and those found during squeeze flow can be related to a wide array of practical applications of cementitious materials, such as pumping, injection, spraying, spreading, finishing, and extrusion. 8 For the increasingly used 3D printing applications, the deposited layers are compressed in between other layers, and this has been simulated with load-controlled squeeze flow to evaluate yield stress, wall bearing capacity, shape stability, and failure. 9,10 Previous processing steps, as well as other manufacturing techniques (e.g., transportation with pumping; flow under compression during extrusion through a nozzle or spray; deposition and deformation; wall spreading and adhesion) have many similarities with what happens during the squeeze flow test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pressure mapped squeeze flow (PMSF) is a recently proposed technique that combines dynamic pressure mapping with the test, having already been used to indicate different natures of flow and transitions occurring during the squeeze flow of cementitious materials. 7,8 The novel method still needs further development and, in this context, the present work investigates mortars with different behaviors in a way to further explore PMSF and its potential as a rheometric method for the evaluation of granular suspensions under confined situations. For the first time, newly developed ways to analyze the data provided by the sensor are presented, other techniques (rotational rheometry and flow table test) are employed for characterization and comparison between methods, and interparticle separation (IPS) parameters are compared to results from all rheometric techniques to support the discussion, thus expanding the possibilities of the method and the comprehension of the flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure mapped squeeze flow (PMSF): Extending rheological characterization of mortars beyond traditional rheometry

Grandes

Rego

Rebmann

et al. 2023

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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The rheometric techniques available for the evaluation of mortars involve a different set of flow conditions. Squeeze flow is based on the compression of the sample with gap reduction and geometric restrictions, providing important information even when phase separation occurs and an evaluation in conditions similar to those found in several practical situations for many classes of materials, including cement‐based and ceramics. Traditional squeeze flow results are related to bulk normal force and height variation of a sample compressed between parallel plates. Additional information regarding boundary conditions at the interfaces or phenomena related to differential flow can be obtained through further instrumentation of the test. The combination of squeeze flow and a pressure mapping technique has been recently proposed, with great potential for the analysis of cement‐based materials and other granular suspensions. In this work, four mortars were evaluated by the pressure mapped squeeze flow (PMSF) method in two different displacement rates, and new ways to analyze the results were developed to expand the understanding of the flow through the technique, including plotting the pressure along multiple circumferences and an analysis of variation in each radial position. PMSF results were also compared to rotational rheometry and flow table tests for the first time, and concepts of interparticle separation were employed to discuss microstructural aspects of the flow. Due to the variety of mix designs (admixtures, particle size distribution, air content, water content, and other factors), the mortars presented diverse behaviors, ranging from primarily viscous or plastic flows to more granular responses (related to friction between particles with localized formation of jammed structures due to liquid phase migration). This work is part of an effort to establish a foundation for PMSF as a rheometric method that can be used for the analysis of a wide range of materials.

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Rheological behavior and flow induced microstructural changes of cement-based mortars assessed by Pressure Mapped Squeeze Flow

Cited by 12 publications

References 73 publications

4D printing structures for extreme temperatures using metakaolin based geopolymers

4D printing structures for extreme temperatures using metakaolin based geopolymers

Rheological assessment of metakaolin‐based geopolymer composites through squeeze flow

Pressure mapped squeeze flow (PMSF): Extending rheological characterization of mortars beyond traditional rheometry

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