Rheological and Morphological Properties of Oil Palm Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Abstract

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new composite materials to be introduced into the FDM process as long as they can be manufactured in feedstock filament form. The purpose of this research was to analyze the rheological behavior of oil palm fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites when used as a feedstock material, as well as to determine the best processing conditions for FDM. The composite’s shear thinning behavior was observed, and scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal its composition. The morphological result found that there was a good fiber/matrix adhesion with a 3 wt% fiber loading, as no fiber pullouts or gaps developed between the oil palm fiber and ABS. However, some pores and fiber pullouts were found with a 5 and 7 wt% fiber loading. Next, the rheological results showed that the increment of fiber content (wt%) increased the viscosity. This discovery can definitely be used in the extrusion process for making wire filament for FDM. The shear thinning effect was increased by adding 3, 5, or 7 wt% of oil palm fiber. The non-Newtonian index (n) of the composites increased as the number of shear rates increased, indicating that the fiber loading had a significant impact on the rheological behavior. As the fiber loading increased, the viscosity and shear stress values increased as well. As a result, oil fiber reinforced polymer composites can be used as a feedstock filament for FDM.

Rheological Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM): A Short Review

“…The inclusion of Kenaf fiber hindered the flowability of the ABS matrix. This result was consistent with the findings of Ahmad et al, [27], who conducted a rheology investigation on an oil palm fiber composite. He discovered that adding 3, 5, or 7 wt percent oil palm fiber improved the shear thinning effect.…”

A Novel Approach of Bioesters Synthesis through Different Technologies by Highlighting the Lowest Energetic Consumption One

“…The pseudoplastic flow behavior is proved both by the decrease of the apparent viscosity with the increase of shear rate (shear-thinning behavior) [ 67 ], as well as by the sub-unit values of the flow index n ( Table 5 ). The decreasing of the apparent viscosity with increasing temperature is also evidenced by the variation of the consistency index k correlated with the value of the flow index n .…”

Application of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Parameter of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Oil Palm Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

“…Meanwhile, the ABS types PA-747H were supplied by a local supplier that is imported from the Chi Mei Corporation. The material preparation process of oil palm fiber composite in granules form include the method of fiber treatment, mixing, hot pressing, crushing, as was explained in our previous study [ 45 ]. The oil palm fiber composite filament was fabricated using a twin screw extruder.…”