Application of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Parameter of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Oil Palm Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

Abstract

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is capable of producing complicated geometries and a variety of thermoplastic or composite products. Thus, it is critical to carry out the relationship between the process parameters, the finished part’s quality, and the part’s mechanical performance. In this study, the optimum printing parameters of FDM using oil palm fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites were investigated. The layer thickness, orientation, infill density, and printing speed were selected as optimization parameters. The mechanical properties of printed specimens were examined using tensile and flexural tests. The experiments were designed using a Taguchi experimental design using a L9 orthogonal array with four factors, and three levels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant parameter or factor that influences the responses, including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and flexural strength. The fractured surface of printed parts was investigate using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show the tensile strength of the printed specimens ranged from 0.95 to 35.38 MPa, the Young’s modulus from 0.11 to 1.88 GPa, and the flexural strength from 2.50 to 31.98 MPa. In addition, build orientation had the largest influence on tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and flexural strength. The optimum printing parameter for FDM using oil palm fiber composite was 0.4 mm layer thickness, flat (0 degree) of orientation, 50% infill density, and 10 mm/s printing speed. The results of SEM images demonstrate that the number of voids seems to be much bigger when the layer thickness is increased, and the flat orientation has a considerable influence on the bead structure becoming tougher. In a nutshell, these findings will be a valuable 3D printing dataset for other researchers who utilize this material.

Failures and Flaws in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additively Manufactured Polymers and Composites

“…In this article published in 2022, voids' interaction with fatigue behavior is discussed [60]. The impulse excitation technique to find the Young's modulus is a way to remedy this problem [61,62]. Through this process, the natural frequencies of the sample can be quantified, and then the mechanical properties can be calculated.…”

Rheological Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM): A Short Review

“…Such as, smaller diameter of filament size, might cause the gripping filament in the extrusion to fail, but a filament too large for the nozzle will not be forced out by the servo motor. Table 1 shows some of researchers have printed specimens and functional products using natural fiber reinforced composite (NFRC) materials such as ABS-fiberglass [18], PLA-pineapple leaf fiber [19], iron-nylon [20], ABS-carbon fiber [1], ABS-oil palm fiber [21], and PLA-wood dusk [22]. As a result, natural fibers have made a significant contribution to the development of feedstock material for FDM.…”

Optimization of Technological Parameters of the Process of Forming Therapeutic Biopolymer Nanofilled Films

“…Many studies are devoted to the development of the composition of nanofilled polymer materials [ 44 ] and coatings [ 45 , 46 , 47 ], their application in various fields of technology [ 48 ], and the reuse of polymers after processing [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. For the rational choice of the composition of nano-containing polymer materials and technological modes of their manufacture [ 52 , 53 ], tests were performed under different types of loads [ 54 ]. It was established that the introduction of nanoadditives in the composition of oil composites provides increased wear resistance of friction pairs [ 55 ]; moreover, the development and introduction in the medical practice of the composite materials made of polymer and metallic materials with the use of modern additive technologies 3D-Printed were carried out [ 56 , 57 ], including attractive options for creating hierarchical polymer structures on different scales with nanoadditives [ 58 ].…”