“…However, note that the results of the Indian mustard were two orders of magnitude above those of scouring rush. In addition, the harvestable amount of the Indian mustard increased significantly from 45 to 75 days Environ Chem Lett 2014b), a 98 % efficiency on the Re extraction process from plant mass (Bozhkov et al 2012), a moderate plant density (50 plant m -2 ) (Liu et al 2012), the energy production income from biomass incineration (215 US$ tonne -1 ) (Harris et al 2009), the typical agricultural costs (1000 US$ ha -1 , including fertilizers, irrigation, and seed costs) (Sheoran et al 2013), and a projected cost of 1000 US$ ha -1 for the extraction and purification process (Abisheva and Zagorodnyaya 2002;Harris et al 2009;Tagami and Uchida 2010;Bozhkov et al 2012;WilsonCorral et al 2012), then a profit of 3906 US$ ha -1 harvest -1 would be expected from the recovered Re. In the light of this result, the profitability of Re phytomining could be used to finance the phytoremediation of soils with coexisting and often toxic metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn) (Stankovic et al 2014) that can be concurrently removed by the Indian mustard (Vamerali et al 2009) and promote carbon dioxide abatement (Witters et al 2012;Yang et al 2012).…”