Rewetting Tropical Peatlands Reduced Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Riau Province, Indonesia

Lestari, Iska; Murdiyarso, Daniel; Taufik, Muh

doi:10.3390/f13040505

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Greater emission reductions can be achieved when the water table is kept closer to the surface (Karki et al 2014) but any reduction in drainage depth likely results in some level of emission reductions. For example, Lestari et al (2022) report a 17-18% reduction in soil GHG emissions from oil palm and rubber plantations (Table 2) following rewetting despite the water table remaining 40-100 cm below the surface. Evans et al (2021) observed a strong linear relationship between peatland CO2 emissions and water table across a range of undisturbed and drained peatlands.…”

Section: Mitigating Ghg Emissions Associated With Peatland Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Peatlands as Nature-Based Climate Solutions

Strack

Davidson

Hirano

et al. 2022

Curr Clim Change Rep

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Purpose of ReviewDespite covering only 3% of the land surface, peatlands represent the largest terrestrial organic carbon stock on the planet and continue to act as a carbon sink. Managing ecosystems to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and protect carbon stocks provide nature-based climate solutions that can play an important role in emission reduction strategies, particularly over the next decade. This review provides an overview of peatland management pathways that can contribute to natural climate solutions and compiles regional and global estimates for the size of potential GHG emission reductions. Recent FindingsDegraded peatlands may account for 5% of current anthropogenic GHG emissions and therefore reducing emissions through rewetting and restoration offer substantial emission reductions. However, as a majority of peatland remains intact, particularly in boreal and subarctic regions, protection from future development is also an important peatland management pathway. Literature compilation indicates a global potential for peatland nature-based climate solutions of 1.1 to 2.6 Gt CO2e yr -1 in 2030.

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Section: Mitigating Ghg Emissions Associated With Peatland Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Peatlands as Nature-Based Climate Solutions

Strack

Davidson

Hirano

et al. 2022

Curr Clim Change Rep

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“…Peatland rewetting is an alternative to the conversion of peatland to cultivated land. Many studies have confirmed rewetting's positive impact on water levels and that it positively affects microbial peat oxidation (Jauhiainen et al, 2013;Könönen et al, 2018;Lestari et al, 2022). Peatland rewetting can eliminate drainage in an area and increase the ecosystem's capacity to maintain the water level during the dry season; hence, reducing the area's vulnerability to fire (Lestari et al, 2022;Ritzema et al, 2014;Taufik et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peatland fire regime across Riau peat hydrological unit, Indonesia

Rossita

Boer

Hein

et al. 2023

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Peatland stretches across approximately 8% of Indonesia’s land area. Peat fire disturbance, which affects the carbon dynamics of the ecosystem, will determine the country's vision for a long-term strategy for low carbon development. While the impact of excessive draining on peatland fire is well-known to the scientific community, much less is known about peatland fire regimes in distinctive land management systems. We examined the effect of land use, land management, and climatic factors in peatland fires. The examination was performed at the Peat Hydrological Unit at Gaung–Batang Tuaka, Riau, Indonesia. We used a semi-automatic approach to determine the area of burned peatland and used a spatial analysis tool to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of peatland fire in the region. Our results demonstrate an increasing trend of peatland fires between 2001 and 2020, with 33% of the burned peatland undergoing multiple fires. The bulk of the burned land was covered by either wet shrubs or estate crops, with the area of burned wet shrub-land cover was two times higher than the burned estate crop-land cover. Concerning peatland draining, this study found a positive correlation between draining intensity, as represented by canal density, and burned area in peatland forests. In managed and unmanaged land, canal density had no apparent correlation with the area of peatland burned; however, we found that the weighted area of burned peatland was, on average, seven times higher in the unmanaged area compared to the managed area. These findings urgently demand an increase in community participation in the utilization of unmanaged land and prompt execution of peatland rewetting in drained peat forests. While the government of Indonesia has developed a social forestry and agrarian reform scheme to enable the legal utilization of unproductive land in forest areas, we argue that greater impacts can only be achieved if environmental services incentive schemes escalate non-party actors' participation.

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“…In forested peatland, the chamber method cannot capture CO 2 fluxes from tree respiration but may capture CO 2 fluxes from roots and understorey vegetation respiration; therefore, reporting the CO 2 fluxes as soil respiration is preferable. For example, Jauhainen et al ( 2008) and Lestari et al (2022) reported carbon fluxes in tropical forested peatlands in the form of soil respiration (SRt). Meanwhile, many of their counterpart from temperate and boreal zones reported carbon fluxes in the form of ecosystem respiration (Haddaway et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of rewetting degraded peatlands on carbon fluxes: a meta-analysis

Darusman

Murdiyarso

Impron

et al. 2023

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Numerous studies claim that rewetting interventions reduce CO2 and increase CH4 fluxes. To verify the claim, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of rewetting on CO2 and CH4 fluxes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We identified 28 primary articles eligible for meta-analysis, from which we calculated 48 effect sizes for CO2 emissions, 67 effect sizes for CH4 emissions, and 5 effect sizes for DOC. We found that rewetting significantly decreased CO2 fluxes, with temperate zones showing the highest Hedges’ g effect size (−0.798 ± 0.229), followed by tropical (−0.338 ± 0.269) and boreal (−0.209 ± 0.372) zones. Meanwhile, rewetting increased CH4 fluxes, with the highest Hedges’ g effect size shown in temperate zones (1.108 ± 0.144), followed by boreal (0.805 ± 0.183) and tropical (0.096 ± 0.284) zones. In addition, based on yearly monitoring after rewetting, the CH4 emissions effect size increased significantly over the first 4 years (r2 = 0.853). Overall, the rewetting intervention reduced CO2 emissions by −1.43 ± 0.35 Mg CO2–C ha−1 year−1, increased CH4 emissions by 0.033 ± 0.003 Mg CH4–C ha−1 year−1, and had no significant impact on DOC. To improve the precision and reduce the bias of rewetting effect size quantification, it is recommended to conduct more experimental studies with extended monitoring periods using larger sample sizes and apply the before-after control-impact study design, especially in boreal and tropical climate zones.

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Rewetting Tropical Peatlands Reduced Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Riau Province, Indonesia

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

The Potential of Peatlands as Nature-Based Climate Solutions

The Potential of Peatlands as Nature-Based Climate Solutions

Peatland fire regime across Riau peat hydrological unit, Indonesia

Effect of rewetting degraded peatlands on carbon fluxes: a meta-analysis

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