Revolution of Malaysia’s Kaolin to Metakaolin towards various application: A Mini Review

Abstract

The transformation of kaolin to metakaolin was studied in various state in Malaysia which is Segamat, Nitar, Lenggor, Ipoh, Bidor, Mersing, Sabah, and Sarawak. In Segamat, the kaolin has a light colour due to the high silicate composition and also contain high mineral such as kaolinite and quartz existed as impurities. Aluminum rich kaolin is bright in color with elevated plasticity and is commonly used in the ceramic, plastic, dye, fabric, pesticide, pharmaceutical and beauty industry. For Nitar and Lenggor, production of metakaolin occurs at 510°C and formation of mullite occur at 900°C. Both clays show good crystallization of pseudohexagonal to hexagonal kaolinite particles. Moreover, the classification of clay and the sizing are the significant characteristic to be determined using the method of the beneficiations. The method of beneficiations is crucially important to increase the quality of clay to meet the requirement for industry application. In Ipoh and Sarawak, the primary deposit is dominated by kaolin and the mixture of granites and diorites produced from weathering. On the other hand, in Bidor, the primary deposit is a mixture of kaolinite, muscovite and smectite also formed by weathering. The increasing amount of illite in secondary kaolin deposits in the Mersing area due to the marine deposition of those deposits where illite formed by the absorption of clay minerals from the seawater by pottasium. Kaolin in Kg Gading, Bongawan Sabah were treated with sodium hexametaphosphate to remove impurities in natural kaolin. The transformation of kaolin to metakaolin was conducted at 800°C for 5 hours.

Simple Approach in Measuring the Synthesized Zeolite from Kaolin as Nutrient Retention for Mung Bean Growth

“…3 (a), (b) and (c) show the differences in peak composition for kaolin, metakaolin, and zeolite LTA obtained from the XRD machine in which the pattern for Fig. 3 (a) verified the existence of kaolinite and quartz in the raw kaolin with the composition of kaolin with 83.6 % kaolinite and quartz at 16.4 % [15]. Fig.…”

“…Fig. 3 (b) displays the analysis of data for the raw kaolin after being heat treated at 650 °C for 24 h. The data shows the presence of quartz as the main mineral and amorphous aluminio-silicate phase that was formed because of the reactions between SiO2 and Al2O3 [15]. Fig.…”

Novel Approach to the Treatment of Gypseous Soil-Induced Ettringite Using Blends of Non-Calcium-Based Stabilizer, Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, and Metakaolin

“…MK exhibits a high surface area and amorphous structure which contributes to its high pozzolanic reactivity [ 33 , 43 ]. The water content of kaolin is reduced during the heating process, thereby altering its structure and forming metakaolin, an amorphous aluminosilicate (Al 2 O 3 ∙2SiO 2 ) as seen in Equation (1) [ 44 ]. …”

The impact of biochar addition on morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants under drought and salinity stress

“…International Biochar Initiative defined biochar as a finely textured organic substance with significant carbon. It is generated by the process known as pyrolysis, which includes thermal decomposition of feedstock at temperatures ranging from 300 to 600 °C in the presence of limited or no oxygen [ 21 ]. Biochar utilization in agricultural systems has garnered attention in recent years because of its potential advantages in enhancing crop productivity and environmental conditions [ 22 ].…”