Revolt in the Mountains: Fuzail Maksum and the Occupation of Garm, Spring 1929

Ritter, William S.

doi:10.1177/002200949002500408

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Emanullah Han'ın tahta çıktıktan sonra ilk olarak 28 Şubat 1919 tarihinde yayınlanan bir manifestosuyla Afganistan'ı dış 11 Leon B. Poullada, Reform and Rebellion in Afghanistan, 1919-1929, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1973, s. 223-224. 12 Borer, "Soviet Foreign Policy", 27.…”

Section: Emanullah Han Dönemi Afgan Dış Politikasıunclassified

“…63 Aynı gün Afgan Dışişleri Bakanı Mahmut Beg Tarzi, Afgan Devleti adına Sovyetler Birliği'nin temsilcisi Leonid Stark'a Orta Tugay Adası'nın Sovyetler Birliği'ne hasım unsurların kullanımına kapatılacağı (bu hasım unsurlar o tarihte Basmacılardır) ve adanın Sovyet topraklarına yapılacak saldırılarda geçiş ve üslenme alanı olarak kullanılmasına müsaade edilmeyeceği hususunda teminat vermiştir. 64 Eğer ada yukarıda sayılan amaçlarla kullanılacak olursa Afgan devleti bu durumun ortadan kalkması için derhal gereken önlemleri alacaktır. 65 Ada'nın sahipliği ile ilgili ihtilafın giderilmesinden sonra, 31 Ağustos 1926'da Sovyetler Birliği ve Afganistan arasında bir Saldırmazlık ve Tarafsızlık Anlaşması imzalanmıştır.…”

Section: (Atad)unclassified

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The Soviet Union And Afghanistan Relations, 1919-1945

KILLIOĞLU

2022

Akademik Tarih Ve Araştırmalar Dergisi

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The aim of this article is to examine the bilateral relations between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union between years of 1919-1945 and the effects of this relationship on both sides. Tsarist Russia has always been interested in Afghanistan. This interest was continued by its successor and heir, the Soviet Union. Bolsheviks, who were in charge in the first years of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union also approached international politics and foreign policy with an ideological perspective and acted in anticipation of a revolution throughout the world. There have been some exceptions to this situation. Afghanistan was one of them. During the first years, the Soviets found it useful to establish a normal bilateral relationship instead of encouraging a revolution in Afghanistan, which had common borders and where political, social and economic conditions were suitable. In fact, the Soviets supported the authoritarian Afghan King Amanullah Khan, who was facing an uprising due to the modernization program he tried to implement in his country. At that time in terms of Soviet interests unstable Afghanistan was not welcomed, instead an Afghanistan that could cooperate with the Soviets even if its administration was authoritarian. One of the most important reason for this decision was the Basmachis, who hide and found sanctuary in Afghanistan and tried destabilize the Soviet Central Asia. In order to suppress the Basmachi Uprising, it was an indispensable necessity to take away the supply and logistics opportunities in Afghanistan. Likewise, it was considered strategically appropriate for Afghanistan to remain as a buffer zone, as it was in the 19th century. As a result, the British and Soviet forces will not come into direct confrontation. Therefore, the Soviets postponed the option of intervening in internal affairs in order to control Afghanistan until the invasion in 1979.

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Section: Emanullah Han Dönemi Afgan Dış Politikasıunclassified

Section: (Atad)unclassified

The Soviet Union And Afghanistan Relations, 1919-1945

KILLIOĞLU

2022

Akademik Tarih Ve Araştırmalar Dergisi

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Friendship under lock and key: the Soviet Central Asian border, 1918–34

Shaw

2011

Central Asian Survey

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Pan-Islamism in Afghanistan in the Early Twentieth Century: From Political Discourse to Government Policy, 1906–22

Bezhan

2014

Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations

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The idea of pan-Islamism in Afghanistan emerged after the foundation of the Constitutional Party in the early 1900s. The party was an underground organization which had cells in an educational institution, the royal court and among the foreign group (Indians) employed in government departments. Pan-Islamism served to unite various political forces toward certain political and cultural goals. After the accession of Amanullah to the throne in 1919, panIslamism became a state policy. It served as the key to the government's foreign policy, especially towards the two imperial powers in the region, Britain and Russia. Amanullah used it as a means to fulfil his political expansionist ambitions. This article examines what panIslamism meant to the Constitutional Party and to King Amanullah, the reasons behind their approaches, and the political context that made pan-Islamism the most appealing ideological and political strategy for them. The article also explores the means the party and Amanullah used to propagate pan-Islamism.

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Revolt in the Mountains: Fuzail Maksum and the Occupation of Garm, Spring 1929

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

The Soviet Union And Afghanistan Relations, 1919-1945

The Soviet Union And Afghanistan Relations, 1919-1945

Friendship under lock and key: the Soviet Central Asian border, 1918–34

Pan-Islamism in Afghanistan in the Early Twentieth Century: From Political Discourse to Government Policy, 1906–22

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