Revisiting the phylogeny of<i>Wolbachia</i>in Collembola

Ma, Yao; Chen, Wan Jun; Li, Zhao Hui; Zhang, Feng; Gao, Yan; Luan, Yun Xia

doi:10.1002/ece3.2738

“…We assume that this discordance may stem from the different mutation rates of the markers used. 16S rDNA is known to be a conserved gene; however, in some instances the typing system of this marker has been shown to be insufficient in establishing correct supergroup classification due to its low evolutionary rate [41]. This indicates a potential drawback of 16S rDNA as a less robust marker in estimating intraspecific phylogenetic relationship among Wolbachia supergroup members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Wolbachia in field-collected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in metropolitan Manila, Philippines

Carvajal

¹

,

Hashimoto

²

,

Harnandika

³

et al. 2019

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Background Recent reports reveal the presence of Wolbachia in Ae. aegypti . Our study presents additional support for Wolbachia infection in Ae. aegypti by screening field-collected adult mosquitoes using two Wolbachia -specific molecular makers. Methods A total of 672 Ae. aegypti adult mosquitoes were collected from May 2014 to January 2015 in Metropolitan Manila. Each individual sample was processed and screened for the presence of Wolbachia by selected markers, Wolbachia -specific 16S rDNA and its surface protein ( wsp ), under optimized PCR conditions and sequenced. Results Totals of 113 (16.8%) and 89 (13.2%) individual mosquito samples were determined to be infected with Wolbachia using the wsp and 16S rDNA markers, respectively. The Ae. aegpyti wsp sample sequences were similar or identical to five known Wolbachia strains belonging to supergroups A and B while the majority of 16S rDNA sample sequences were similar to strains belonging to supergroup B. Overall, 80 (11.90%) individual mosquito samples showed positive amplifications in both markers and 69% showed congruence in supergroup identification (supergroup B). Conclusions By utilizing two Wolbachia -specific molecular makers, our study demonstrated the presence of Wolbachia from individual Ae. aegypti samples. Our results showed a low Wolbachia infection rate and inferred the detected strains belong to either supergroups A and B. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3629-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The first appearance of the 'supergroups' designation dates to 1998 [54], but the concept was popularized later by Lo et al [55]. Most of the molecular characterizations of Wolbachia strains have been based on either single gene or multi-locus phylogenies [53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. The supergroups A, B, E, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, Q and S are exclusively composed of symbionts of arthropods [55,57,59,63,[66][67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar: Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm

Lefoulon

¹

,

Clark

²

,

Guerrero

³

et al. 2020

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Wolbachia are alpha-proteobacteria symbionts infecting a large range of arthropod species and two different families of nematodes. Interestingly, these endosymbionts are able to induce diverse phenotypes in their hosts: they are reproductive parasites within many arthropods, nutritional mutualists within some insects and obligate mutualists within their filarial nematode hosts. Defining Wolbachia ‘species’ is controversial and so they are commonly classified into 17 different phylogenetic lineages, termed supergroups, named A–F, H–Q and S. However, available genomic data remain limited and not representative of the full Wolbachia diversity; indeed, of the 24 complete genomes and 55 draft genomes of Wolbachia available to date, 84 % belong to supergroups A and B, exclusively composed of Wolbachia from arthropods. For the current study, we took advantage of a recently developed DNA-enrichment method to produce four complete genomes and two draft genomes of Wolbachia from filarial nematodes. Two complete genomes, wCtub and wDcau, are the smallest Wolbachia genomes sequenced to date (863 988 bp and 863 427 bp, respectively), as well as the first genomes representing supergroup J. These genomes confirm the validity of this supergroup, a controversial clade due to weaknesses of the multilocus sequence typing approach. We also produced the first draft Wolbachia genome from a supergroup F filarial nematode representative (wMhie), two genomes from supergroup D (wLsig and wLbra) and the complete genome of wDimm from supergroup C. Our new data confirm the paradigm of smaller Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes containing low levels of transposable elements and the absence of intact bacteriophage sequences, unlike many Wolbachia from arthropods, where both are more abundant. However, we observe differences among the Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes: no global co-evolutionary pattern, strong synteny between supergroup C and supergroup J Wolbachia, and more transposable elements observed in supergroup D Wolbachia compared to the other supergroups. Metabolic pathway analysis indicates several highly conserved pathways (haem and nucleotide biosynthesis, for example) as opposed to more variable pathways, such as vitamin B biosynthesis, which might be specific to certain host–symbiont associations. Overall, there appears to be no single Wolbachia –filarial nematode pattern of co-evolution or symbiotic relationship.

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“…These endosymbionts were first discovered in the Culex pipiens mosquito [ 1 , 2 ], and are now estimated to infect between 40–52% of arthropod species [ 3 , 4 ]. Wolbachia routinely infect their host’s reproductive tissues, and they are capable of surviving in a variety of invertebrates [ 5 – 7 ]. Wolbachia are known to be transmitted vertically through maternal inheritance and have also been shown to transmit horizontally between species, genera, and orders [ 8 – 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia in mosquitoes from the Central Valley of California, USA

Torres

¹

,

Hernandez

²

,

Flores

³

et al. 2020

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Background Wolbachia bacteria are widely distributed throughout terrestrial arthropod species. These bacteria can manipulate reproduction and influence the vector competence of their hosts. Recently, Wolbachia have been integrated into vector control programmes for mosquito management. A number of supergroups and strains exist for Wolbachia, and they have yet to be characterized for many mosquito species. In this study, we examined Wolbachia prevalence and their phylogenetic relationship to other Wolbachia, using mosquitoes collected in Merced County in the Central Valley of California. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected from 85 sites in Merced County, California in 2017 and 2018. Traditional and quantitative PCR were used to investigate the presence or absence and the density of Wolbachia, using Wolbachia-specific 16S rRNA and Wolbachia-surface protein (wsp) genes. The supergroup of Wolbachia was determined, and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) by sequencing five housekeeping genes (coxA, gatB, ftsZ, hcpA and fbpA) was also used to determine Wolbachia supergroup as well as strain. Results Over 7100 mosquitoes of 12 species were collected: Aedesmelanimon, Ae. nigromaculis, Ae. vexans, Ae. aegypti, Culex pipiens, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis, Anopheles franciscanus, An. freeborni, An. punctipennis, Culiseta incidens and Cs. inornata. Eight showed evidence of Wolbachia. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report detection of Wolbachia in five of these species (Ae. melanimon, Cx. stigmatosoma, Cx. tarsalis, Cs. incidens and Cs. inornata). Culex pipiens and Cx. stigmatosoma had a high frequency and density of Wolbachia infection, which grouped into supergroup B; Cs. inornata clustered with supergroup A. MLST comparisons identified Cx. pipiens and Cx. stigmatosoma as wPip strain type 9 supergroup B. Six species had moderate to low (< 14%) frequencies of Wolbachia. Four species were negative, Ae. nigromaculis, An. franciscanus, An. freeborni and Ae. aegypti. Conclusions New records of Wolbachia detection were found in mosquitoes from Merced County, California. Culex stigmatosoma and Cs. inornata were new records for Wolbachia supergroup B and A, respectively. Other species with Wolbachia occurred with low frequency and low density. Detection of Wolbachia in mosquitoes can be used to inform potential vector control applications. Future study of Wolbachia within Cx. stigmatosoma and Cs. inornata in California and through the range of these species could further explore Wolbachia infection in these two species.

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Revisiting the phylogeny ofWolbachiain Collembola

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Detection of Wolbachia in field-collected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in metropolitan Manila, Philippines

Detection of Wolbachia in field-collected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in metropolitan Manila, Philippines

Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar: Wolbachia genomes from filarial nematodes do not conform to a single paradigm

Wolbachia in mosquitoes from the Central Valley of California, USA

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