Revisiting the influence of loading on organic material removal in primary facultative ponds

Abstract

-This paper investigated the influence of organic loading on BOD and COD removal in primary facultative ponds. The study was based on six full-scale pond plants in which average removals of unfiltered biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 72 and 50%, respectively. For filtered samples, the removals were 89 and 83%, respectively. First-order removal rates assuming ideal hydraulic patterns (completely mixed and plug-flow) decreased with increments in the mean hydraulic retention time (HRT). Reduction in organic loading also caused a decrease in removal rates. The results emphasized that HRT and surface organic loading are more reliable to estimate first-order removal rates than traditional Arrhenius-style equations. Thus, HRT and surface organic loading can be used to compute more realistic first-order removal rates and surface removal rates. An alternative design procedure based on HRT and surface organic loading was proposed and demonstrated.

Performance evaluation and coefficients of reliability for waste stabilization ponds in northeast Brazil

“…Example 2: Suppose a parameter that can be modeled according to first order kinetics, such as organic matter (Sun and Saeed, 2009;Silva et al, 2010), ammoniacal nitrogen (Camargo Valero and Mara, 2010;Bastos et al, 2018) and coliforms (Macedo et al, 2011). The mass balance in the first order models consists of an overall reaction rate equation coupled with boundary conditions of the reactor flow patterns, resulting in a conceptually simple model (Ho et al, 2017).…”

Innovative Feasibility Study for the Reclamation of the Cascajo Wetlands in Peru Utilizing Sustainable Technologies

“…It was kept routinely in vials with full form (MRS) agar at 2-8 • C for 24 h, and then at 4 • C in 15% glycerol (vol/vol) [24]. Single colonies were cultured in plates with MRS agar at 30 • C for 48 h and later sub-cultured in MRS broth (Casein peptone 10g/L; beef extract 8 g/L; yeast extract 4 g/L; D(+) glucose 20 g/L; hydrogen potassium phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) 2 g/L; Tween- 80 [53]. The cultures in the MRS broth develop characteristic white sediment, making it easier for their qualitative identification.…”

“…In our study, neither water temperature nor water pH are correlated with the field data (COD, BOD, TN, and TP). However, it is reported frequently that the removal rate of dissolved organic content has been associated with water property [80], and this is interlinked with the mechanisms of sorption and hydrophobicity of contaminants [81]. Some alkaline contaminant compounds, such as amino- However, it is reported frequently that the removal rate of dissolved organic content has been associated with water property [80], and this is interlinked with the mechanisms of sorption and hydrophobicity of contaminants [81].…”

“…However, it is reported frequently that the removal rate of dissolved organic content has been associated with water property [80], and this is interlinked with the mechanisms of sorption and hydrophobicity of contaminants [81]. Some alkaline contaminant compounds, such as amino- However, it is reported frequently that the removal rate of dissolved organic content has been associated with water property [80], and this is interlinked with the mechanisms of sorption and hydrophobicity of contaminants [81]. Some alkaline contaminant compounds, such as amino-functional groups derived from sewage or pharmaceutical compounds, are positively charged from 22.0 to 26.2 • C, at neutral pH values up to pH = 7.5 and [80].…”

“…Some alkaline contaminant compounds, such as amino- However, it is reported frequently that the removal rate of dissolved organic content has been associated with water property [80], and this is interlinked with the mechanisms of sorption and hydrophobicity of contaminants [81]. Some alkaline contaminant compounds, such as amino-functional groups derived from sewage or pharmaceutical compounds, are positively charged from 22.0 to 26.2 • C, at neutral pH values up to pH = 7.5 and [80]. Further research is needed to determine an optimal range of pH and temperature, considering not only the sorption of contaminants, but also the enhancement of the effectiveness of using microorganisms (e.g., Lactobacillus plantarum) involved in bio-filters and the nano-bubbles.…”