Innovative Feasibility Study for the Reclamation of the Cascajo Wetlands in Peru Utilizing Sustainable Technologies

Abstract

Wetlands are an important feature for our society that provides versatile benefits, such as habitat for diverse wildlife, shoreline erosion protection, flood control, and mitigation of climate change through capture and storage of carbon. The aim of this work was to assess the application of nanotechnologies for the restoration of the water quality in the Cascajo Wetlands, Peru, where the water quality was deteriorated. Ceramic-based bio-filters (CBBFs) were used to reduce and buffer the contamination rates of pollutants, whereas micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) were applied to increase the dissolved oxygen and release free radicals in water. Additionally, bio-fence was implemented to prevent water intrusion from the ocean. Remote sensing data through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) was used to monitor the water surface condition. With treatment of CBBFs and MNBs for 13 months, we observed reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphate (TP) in the water body, showing removal percentages of 98.5%, 97.5%, 98.1%, 98.5%, and 94.6%, respectively, in comparison with values before starting the implementation. The trends of NDVI and EVI over seasons are not completely aligned with the results taken from the wetlands treated with MNBs, CBBFs and bio-fence. While TN was highly correlated with the empirical value of TN based on remote sensing, no correlation was observed between COD and empirical COD. The use of eco-friendly techniques has performed efficiently to remove the pollutant.

Formación de un humedal en la costa norte del Perú

“…En el Perú, los humedales costeros totalizan una superficie cercana a las 3448 ha (MINAM 2010), la mayoría amenazados principalmente por presión de las actividades antrópicas (Tabilo-Valdivieso et al 2017). La revisión bibliográfica muestra que las investigaciones sobre humedales costeros se centran en evaluación del estado de conservación (Quiñonez andHernandez 2017, Pulido &Bermúdez 2018), Revista peruana de biología 28(3): e21132 (Agosto 2021) inventarios florísticos (Ramírez et al 2010), aves migratorias y acuáticas (García-Olaechea et al 2018, Chavez et al 2019, mamíferos, entre otros grupos faunísticos (Chávez-Villavicencio et al 2012;García-Olaechea et al 2013;Chávez-Villavicencio et al 2015), incluso sobre la aplicación de técnicas de recuperación biológica (Jindo & Morikawa 2020).…”