Revisiting the concept of behavior patterns in animal behavior with an example from food-caching sequences in Wolves (Canis lupus), Coyotes (Canis latrans), and Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

Gadbois, Simon; Sievert, Olivia; Reeve, Catherine; Harrington, Fred Harvey; Fentress, John C.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.001

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The assessment of the degree of complexity and flexibility expressed in a tool use behavior could give insight into the evolution of key cognitive abilities in the human lineage (Ardila, ), such as the ability to organize goal‐directed sequences of actions, possibly for a delayed reward (Coolidge & Wynn, ). We found evidence for the ability of chimpanzees to deliberately organize their actions to extract the underground bee nests, as showed by the fact that the sequences they performed were neither strictly determined nor random (Gadbois, Sievert, Reeve, Harrington, & Fentress, ). The ability to sequentially organize different behavioral elements has been already described for termite fishing and honey gathering (Sanz & Morgan, , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Extraction of honey from underground bee nests by central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Loango National Park, Gabon: Techniques and individual differences

Estienne

Stephens

Boesch

2017

American J Primatol

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A detailed analysis of tool use behaviors can disclose the underlying cognitive traits of the users. We investigated the technique used by wild chimpanzees to extract the underground nests of stingless bees (Meliplebeia lendliana), which represent a hard-to-reach resource given their highly undetectable location. Using remote-sensor camera trap footage, we analyzed 151 visits to 50 different bee nests by 18 adult chimpanzees of both sexes. We quantified the degree of complexity and flexibility of this technique by looking at the behavioral repertoire and at its structural organization. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to test whether individuals differed in their action repertoire sizes and in their action sequencing patterns, as well as in their preferences of use of different behavioral elements (namely, actions, and grip types). We found that subjects showed non-randomly organized sequences of actions and that the occurrence of certain actions was predicted by the type of the previous action in the sequences. Subjects did not differ in their repertoire sizes, and all used extractive actions involving tools more often than manual digging. As for the type of grip employed, the grip involving the coordinated use of hands and feet together was most frequently used by all subjects when perforating, and we detected significant individual preferences in this domain. Overall, we describe a highly complex and flexible extractive technique, and propose the existence of inter-individual variation in it. We discuss our results in the light of the evolution of higher cognitive abilities in the human lineage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Extraction of honey from underground bee nests by central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Loango National Park, Gabon: Techniques and individual differences

Estienne

Stephens

Boesch

2017

American J Primatol

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“…More concretely, the behavioral patterns we witnessed may be classified as fixed action patterns (FAPs) of predatory behavior, rather than social play behavior. FAPs are predictable, genetically predetermined and rigid sequences of behavior, triggered by simple stimuli called sign stimuli and resulting in simple responses [13]. Once triggered, these responses are unchangeable and must be carried to completion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serious Games: Is Your User Playing or Hunting?

Baskin

Anavi‐Goffer

Zamansky

2015

Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2015

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Abstract. There is an increasing demand for entertainment applications developed for pets, in particular for dogs and cats. However, play interaction between animals and technological devices still remains an uncharted territory both for animal behavior and entertainment computing scientific communities. While there is a lot of anecdotal evidence of pets playing digital games, the nature of animal-computer play interactions is still not understood. In this paper we report on empirical findings based on observing and analyzing dog-tablet game interactions. Using categories emerging from our data analysis, we construct an ethogram, a "catalogue" of behavioral patterns typical of dog-tablet interactions. Based on our data analysis, we hypothesize that the nature of the observed interactions is that of predatory behavior, in response to stimuli in the form of "prey-like" virtual objects displayed on the screen. Based on our hypothesis, we further propose some questions for future investigation, and raise some issues that need to be addressed by game developers when targeting dogs as their users.

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“…Where hair or scat indicated presence of a canid but was not sufficient to distinguish between coyote or wolf, we considered the presence of an isolated bite with canine spacing >3.5 cm indicative of wolf and spacing <3.5 cm indicative of coyote, based on measurements of canine spacing from captured coyotes and wolves within the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (J. L. Belant, unpublished data). We considered cached carcass remains as an indicator of predation but did not consider caching in general to be indicative of a predator species because caching behavior occurs in coyotes, wolves, and bobcats (Labisky and Boulay , Gadbois et al ). However, we did consider the use of plucked fawn hair to cover cached carcass remains as an indicator of probable bobcat activity (Labisky and Boulay ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator densities and white‐tailed deer fawn survival

et al. 2019

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Predation is the dominant source of mortality for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) <6 months old throughout North America. Yet, few white‐tailed deer fawn survival studies have occurred in areas with 4 predator species or have considered concurrent densities of deer and predator species. We monitored survival and cause‐specific mortality from birth to 6 months for 100 neonatal fawns during 2013–2015 in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, while simultaneously estimating population densities of deer, American black bear (Ursus americanus), coyote (Canis latrans), bobcat (Lynx rufus), and gray wolf (Canis lupus). We estimated fawn predation risk in response to sex, birth mass, and date of birth. Six‐month fawn survival pooled among years was 36%, and fawn mortality risk was not related to birth mass, date of birth, or sex. Estimated mean annual deer and predator densities were 334 fawns/100 km2, 25.9 black bear/100 km2, 23.8 coyotes/100 km2, 3.8 bobcat/100 km2, and 2.8 wolves/100 km2. Despite lower estimated per‐individual kill rates, coyotes and black bears were the leading sources of fawn mortality because they had greater densities relative to bobcats and wolves. Our results indicate that the presence of more predator species in a system is not entirely additive in its effect on fawn survival. © The Wildlife Society, 2019

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Revisiting the concept of behavior patterns in animal behavior with an example from food-caching sequences in Wolves (Canis lupus), Coyotes (Canis latrans), and Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Extraction of honey from underground bee nests by central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Loango National Park, Gabon: Techniques and individual differences

Extraction of honey from underground bee nests by central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in Loango National Park, Gabon: Techniques and individual differences

Serious Games: Is Your User Playing or Hunting?

Predator densities and white‐tailed deer fawn survival

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