Revisiting the blurry boundaries of schizophrenia: Spectrum disorders in psychometrically identified schizotypes

Bolinskey, P. Kevin; James, Alison V.; Cooper-Bolinskey, Dianna; Novi, Jonathan H.; Hunter, Helen K.; Hudak, Daniel V.; Schuder, Kelly M.; Myers, Kevin R.; Iati, Carina A.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.015

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At the same time, some high-risk participants meeting criteria for avoidant personality disorder did not meet criteria for Cluster A personality disorders. Similarly, Bolinskey et al [ 51 ] found that individuals with elevated schizotypy traits met more criteria for avoidant and Cluster A personality symptoms as compared to control participants, and suggested that avoidant personality disorder may reflect a less severe form of vulnerability for schizophrenia than schizoid personality in which social withdrawal is also associated with conflicting interpersonal feelings. Finally, avoidant symptoms have also been found in schizophrenia patients [ 52 , 53 ] and in ultra high-risk individuals [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of prodromal symptoms and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder traits by positive and negative schizotypy: A 3-year prospective study

et al. 2018

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The present study extends previous cross-sectional findings by examining the predictive validity of positive and negative schizotypy in a young adult sample at a three-year follow-up. Schizotypy and schizophrenia share a comparable multidimensional structure with positive and negative dimensions being the most strongly supported factors. Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies employing the psychometric high-risk strategy indicated that schizotypy is a useful method for identifying risk and resilience factors for the development of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. In the present study, 103 participants (77% of 134 candidate participants) were reassessed at a three-year follow-up. As hypothesized, positive schizotypy predicted psychotic-like symptoms, depression, low self-esteem, and general psychopathology. Negative schizotypy predicted emotional disturbances, schizoid personality traits, and mental health treatment during the past year. As expected, both schizotypy dimensions predicted schizotypal, paranoid, and avoidant personality traits, and impaired functioning. These longitudinal findings provide additional evidence supporting the multidimensional model of schizotypy as a valid framework for studying etiological mechanisms and trajectories of psychosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of prodromal symptoms and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder traits by positive and negative schizotypy: A 3-year prospective study

et al. 2018

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“…Along with the exclusion of autism from the DSM-III diagnostic criteria, marginal forms of Schizophrenia, characterized by severe and chronic depersonalization, isolation, and social disability but not by positive symptoms, ended up spreading across a broad range of personality disorders, particularly Schizoid and Schizotypal, but also Borderline Personality Disorder [81, 82]. As acknowledged by the DSM-5, the differential diagnosis between ASD and Schizoid or Schizotypal Personality Disorders is difficult for both the overlapping diagnostic criteria and the similar age of onset and course.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Asperger's Autistischen Psychopathen to DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Beyond: A Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model

Dell’Osso¹,

Luche²,

Gesi³

et al. 2016

CPEMH

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Growing interest has recently been devoted to partial forms of autism, lying at the diagnostic boundaries of those conditions previously diagnosed as Asperger’s Disorder. This latter includes an important retrieval of the European classical psychopathological concepts of adult autism to which Hans Asperger referred in his work. Based on the review of Asperger's Autistische Psychopathie, from first descriptions through the DSM-IV Asperger’s Disorder and up to the recent DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder, the paper aims to propose a Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model that encompasses not only threshold-level manifestations but also mild/atypical symptoms, gender-specific features, behavioral manifestations and personality traits associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This model includes, but is not limited to, the so-called broad autism phenotype spanning across the general population that does not fully meet Autism Spectrum Disorder criteria. From this perspective, we propose a subthreshold autism as a unique psychological/behavioral model for research that could help to understand the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading from autistic traits to a broad range of mental disorders.

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“…Dimensional schizotypy is closely related to the categorical diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), and there is high overlap between these two conditions. For example, in a recent study, high dimensional schizotypy was associated with an almost six-fold increase in the likelihood of meeting criteria for SPD (Bolinskey, James et al 2015). In fact, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), one of the commonly used assessment instruments to assess dimensional schizotypy, is based on the DSM diagnostic criteria for SPD (Raine, 1991) - which include ideas of reference, magical thinking, unusual perceptual experiences, odd speech, suspiciousness, constricted affect, odd behavior, lack of close friends, and social anxiety (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schizotypy offers a context for studying dimensional aspects of schizophrenia (Kwapil & Barrantes-Vidal, 2014). Surprisingly, although empirical data strongly suggests that dimensional schizotypy is associated with the underlying genetic liability to develop schizophrenia (Bolinskey, James et al 2015, Lenzenweger 2015), very few studies have explored the genetic underpinnings of schizotypy (Barrantes-Vidal, Grant et al 2015). This is all the more surprising since, as a theoretical model of schizophrenia, the “schizotype” also represents a cleaner unit of analysis, which is free from the confounding effects of medication, global neurocognitive deficits and institutionalization (Lenzenweger 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional Traits of Schizotypy Associated With Glycine Receptor GLRA1 Polymorphism: An Exploratory Candidate-Gene Association Study

Vora

Fisher

New

et al. 2018

Journal of Personality Disorders

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Schizotypy captures the underlying genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. However, the genetic underpinnings of schizotypy remain unexplored. The authors examined the relationship between single nucleotide poly-morphisms (SNPs) and schizotypy. A sample of 137 subjects (43 healthy controls, 34 subjects with schizotypal personality disorder [SPD], 32 with borderline personality disorder, and 25 with other personality disorders) completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Subjects were genotyped using a custom array chip. Principal component analysis was used to cluster SPQ variables. Linear regression tested for associations between dimensional schizotypy and SNPs. Logistic regression tested for associations between SNPs and SPD diagnosis. There were significant associations between the minor alleles of three SNPs within the glycine receptor alpha 1 subunit (GLRA1) and the disorganized schizotypy dimension, even after Bonferroni correction. There were no significant associations between any SNPs and the categorical SPD diagnosis. Glycine receptor pathways may have an impact on dimensional traits of psychosis.

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Revisiting the blurry boundaries of schizophrenia: Spectrum disorders in psychometrically identified schizotypes

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Prediction of prodromal symptoms and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder traits by positive and negative schizotypy: A 3-year prospective study

Prediction of prodromal symptoms and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder traits by positive and negative schizotypy: A 3-year prospective study

From Asperger's Autistischen Psychopathen to DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Beyond: A Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model

Dimensional Traits of Schizotypy Associated With Glycine Receptor GLRA1 Polymorphism: An Exploratory Candidate-Gene Association Study

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