From Asperger's Autistischen Psychopathen to DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Beyond: A Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model

Dell’Osso, Liliana; Luche, Riccardo Dalle; Gesi, Camilla; Moroni, Ilenia; Carmassi, Claudia; Maj, Mario

doi:10.2174/1745017901612010120

Cited by 55 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Intriguingly, another study stressed the link between rumination and alexithymia, with difficulties in identifying emotions, in mediating the relationship between negative affect and BPD symptoms, further highlighting the dimension of social impairment in these patients 52. The present findings also add to previous findings, including one study from the same study sample showing higher levels of autism-spectrum symptoms in BPD patients compared to Ctl subjects, thus suggesting that rumination may be related to a subthreshold autism-spectrum sympthomatology 40,53–56…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

<p>Rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and mood symptoms in borderline personality disorder</p>

Dell’Osso

Cremone

Carpita

et al. 2019

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Background: The interrelationship between mood disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been long debated in the literature. Increasing attention has also been paid to the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and BPD, as well as to the role of rumination in the development and severity of BPD. This study aims to evaluate the association of rumination, PTSD, and mood spectrum among patients with BPD with or without comorbid mood disorders. Methods: Fifty patients with BPD and 69 healthy controls were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5, Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR), and Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). Results: The BPD group was split into subjects with BPD+ mood disorder (MD) or BPD only) . PTSD-criteria fulfillment, MOODS, and RRS scores were significantly higher in both BPD subgroups than in controls, while BPD+MD patients scored significantly higher than the BPD-only group. RRS scores and PTSD-criteria fulfillment were significantly related to the presence of both BPD and BPD+MD, with no effect of MOODS-SR scores. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the presence of a relationship between BPD and the PTSD spectrum, highlighting also a possible role of rumination in BPD psychopathology. Rumination and PTSD symptoms seem to prevail in the effect of mood spectrum in predicting BPD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

<p>Rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and mood symptoms in borderline personality disorder</p>

Dell’Osso

Cremone

Carpita

et al. 2019

NDT

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“…Moreover, it can also be hypothesized that some subjects, and in particular those with AT, may fail in reporting, during the clinical interview, the presence of a major traumatic event in their clinical history, due to their difficulties in properly externalizing and in coping with the traumatic experiences. Consequently, in subjects with AT it is possible that a cPTSD symptomatology, or even a full-blown PTSD, would remain partially or entirely unrecognized, leading these patients to receive a diagnosis of a different mental illness [4-6, 33, 43]. This study should be considered in light of some important limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strong genetic component has been recognized in ASD, and generally, the disorder comes to clinical attention during childhood [2, 3]. However, recently an increasing number of studies is focusing on mild forms of ASD, or even on sub-threshold Autistic Traits (AT), which do not properly fulfill the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) criteria: while milder forms of ASD may come to clinical attention only in adulthood, when patients develop other disorders in comorbidity, AT may remain entirely undiagnosed during lifetime [4-6]. AT can be usually found among first-degree relatives of ASD probands, where they are known with the label of “broad autism phenotype” [7-9], but they may also be found in some high-risk groups from the general population, such as university students, and in particular those enrolled in high-ranking universities [10-18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students

Carpita

Muti

Muscarella

et al. 2019

CPEMH

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Background:While growing literature is stressing the link between Autistic Traits (AT) and trauma-/stress-related disorders, in both conditions significant differences have been separately reported.Objective:This study aims to evaluate the relationship between AT and trauma-/stress-related symptoms with respect to sex.Methods:178 university students were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum (TALS) and the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS). In order to evaluate sex differences in trauma-/stress-related symptoms among subjects with higher or lower AT, the sample was split in two groups with an equal number of subjects on the basis of the median score reported on AdAS Spectrum (“AdAS high scorers” and “AdAS low scorers”).Results:Females reported significantly higher TALS total score, Loss events and Grief reaction domain scores than males in the whole sample, while AdAS high scorers reported significantly higher TALS total and domain scores than AdAS low scorers. A significant interaction between high/low AdAS score and sex emerged for TALS domains, with females scoring significantly higher than males only among AdAS low scorers, specifically on Loss events, Grief reaction, Re-experiencing and Personal characteristics/Risk factors domains. Finally, among AdAS high scorers a significantly higher rate of subjects fulfilled symptomatological criteria for PTSD than among AdAS low scorers, without sex differences.Conclusion:Our results confirm a significant relationship between AT and trauma-/stress-related symptoms, which seems to prevail on sex differences among high-risk subjects.

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“…To date, epidemiological studies on ASD report a prevalence in 1 out of 68 children (1:42 boys; 1:189 girls) [12]. DSM-5’s ASD may be better considered as an “enlarged category” in which the relevance of “intellectual impairment” has been erased to encompass the Asperger’s Syndrome and other milder but clinical, full-threshold presentations of the same quality, differing only in symptomatological severity [10, 13]. The classification proposed in DSM-5 also features neurodevelopmental disorders other than ASD, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disabilities, communication disorder, specific learning disorder, motor disorders [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, DSM-5 does not take into account the broader spectrum of sub-threshold manifestations distributed in a continuum in a non-clinical population, as well as the broad presence of autistic-like symptoms in clinical population of patients affected by other psychiatric conditions [10, 13]. Sub-threshold “Autistic Traits” (ATs) (milder in severity but of the same quality as the clinical manifestations of ASD) have been firstly highlighted by studies conducted among unaffected first-degree relatives of probands with ASD [15, 9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autistic Traits and Illness Trajectories

Dell’Osso¹,

Lorenzi²,

Carpita³

2019

CPEMH

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In the framework of increasing attention towards autism-related conditions, a growing number of studies have recently investigated the prevalence and features of sub-threshold Autistic Traits (ATs) among adults. ATs span across the general population, being more pronounced in several clinical groups of patients affected by psychiatric disorders. Moreover, ATs seem to be associated with specific personality features in non-clinical population, implying both a higher vulnerability towards psychopathology and extraordinary talents in specific fields. In this framework, the DSM-5’s Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presentations may be considered as the tip of an iceberg that features several possible clinical and non-clinical phenotypes. Globally, the autism spectrum may be considered as a trans-nosographic dimension, which may not only represent the starting point for the development of different psychopathological trajectories but also underlie non-psychopathological personality traits. These different trajectories might be shaped by the specific localization and severity of the neurodevelopmental alteration and by its interaction with the environment and lifetime events. In this wider framework, autistic-like neurodevelopmental alterations may be considered as a general vulnerability factor for different kinds of psychiatric disorders, but also the neurobiological basis for the development of extraordinary abilities, eventually underlying the concept of geniality. Moreover, according to recent literature, we hypothesize that ATs may also be involved in the functioning of human mind, featuring the peculiar sense of “otherness” which can be found, with different grades of intensity, in every human being.

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From Asperger's Autistischen Psychopathen to DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder and Beyond: A Subthreshold Autism Spectrum Model

Cited by 55 publications

References 94 publications

<p>Rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and mood symptoms in borderline personality disorder</p>

<p>Rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and mood symptoms in borderline personality disorder</p>

Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students

Autistic Traits and Illness Trajectories

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