Revisión y estado del arte de la corrosividad del etanol y sus mezclas con gasolina

Abstract

resumenActualmente, el etanol se presenta como una fuente importante de combustible renovable para el sector de la automoción. Se sabe que los carburantes tradicionales, como la gasolina, no han causado problemas de corrosión, debido principalmente a su baja miscibilidad en el agua. En cambio, los biocarburantes en base alcohol pueden contener una considerable cantidad de agua y, además, se puede producir la oxidación parcial de sus componentes por su exposición a la atmósfera. Estas reacciones pueden ocasionar corrosión y posterior fallo, de cualquier componente metá-lico en contacto con las mezclas etanol-gasolina. En consecuencia, todos los sectores relacionados con la industria que emplean este combustible, empresas productoras, logística, dispensadores y fabricantes de vehículos, pueden estar afectados por esta problemática. Esto hace que este tema sea muy interesante, tanto desde un punto de vista científico como industrial. En este trabajo se revisa sistemáticamente todos los aspectos relacionados con la corrosión que produce el etanol y sus mezclas con gasolina, con el objetivo de conocer en profundidad el estado actual de las investigaciones, así como para orientar trabajos futuros que estén afectados, tanto de forma directa o indirecta con esta temática. Palabras claveEtanol; Corrosión electroquímica; Corrosión bajo tensión; Inhibidores. review and state-of-the-art of the corrosivity produced by ethanol and their mixtures with gasoline AbstractEthanol is currently an important source of renewable combustible for the automotive sector. It is known that traditional fuels such as gasoline have not caused corrosion problems due mainly to low miscibility with water. On the other hand, the alcohol based biofuels can contain a considerable amount of water, and in addition, partial oxidation of their components might be produced by exposition to the atmosphere, and this may lead to corrosion and subsequent failure of any metallic component in contact with the ethanol-gasoline blends. In consequence, all the industrial sectors related to this fuel, producing companies, logistics, dispensers and manufacturers of vehicles might be affected by this problem. This makes this topic very interesting, both from a scientific and an industrial point of view. This paper systematically reviews all aspects related to the corrosive behaviour of ethanol and ethanol-gasoline blends, with the aim of assessing the current state-of the-art as well as serving as a guide for further works that take the study of this subject matter.

Corrosion of martensitic stainless steel in ethanol-containing gasoline: Influence of contamination by chloride, H 2 O and acetic acid

“…One common strategy is the addition of alcohols, mainly ethanol, to gasoline. As different metallic materials are used in fuel injection equipments in vehicles, questions arise on aggressive effects of different fuel mixtures on these metals [1][2][3][4][5]. Regarding possible corrosion-triggering factors, the addition of ethanol to gasoline leads to the presence of water in the fuel, due to the hygroscopic nature of ethanol.…”

The Use of a Time-Frequency Transform for the Analysis of Electrochemical Noise for Corrosion Estimation

“…In the literature, several works have focused on analyzing the effects of exposing metallic materials to ethanol-gasoline blends under different conditions, such as increasing the ethanol content, adding water, or determining which of its components can aggravate the metal corrosion [14]. e corrosion study of metallic materials in alcoholic solutions, such as ethanol, is a difficult task to perform due to the high resistance of the alcoholic solutions.…”