Effect of water addition on the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over amberlyst™ 35

Kinetic modeling of the simultaneous etherification of ethanol with C4 and C5 olefins over Amberlyst™ 35 using model averaging

“…The main physical and structural properties of the commercial catalyst are described elsewhere [4]. Prior to the experimental runs, the catalyst was dried 2.5 h in an atmospheric oven at 383 K and subsequently 15 h in a vacuum oven at 383 K. The remaining water content in the catalyst after pretreatment was measured by Karl Fischer titration method for different samples of A-35 with an average result of less than 3.5%-wt.…”

“…Since water is known to inhibit etherification reactions and to promote tertiary alcohols (TBA and TAA) formation [4], special care was taken to minimize water sources: absolute dry EtOH was used as reactant, and the catalyst was dried under vacuum before its use. The amount of formed tertiary alcohols detected as the result of the remaining water content of the catalyst after pretreatment and the small water content in EtOH, was very low, the molar fractions of TBA and TAA being always lower than 0.003 and 0.001, respectively.…”

“…New interesting processes of simultaneous production of several ethers in the same reaction unit are feasible [1][2][3][4][5][6], and they could become an industrial reality in the forthcoming years. Promising conclusions have been drawn regarding thermodynamics and product distribution at experimental conditions of industrial interest.…”

Equilibrium conversion, selectivity and yield optimization of the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst™ 35

“…Among the main two types of oxygenates, ethers and alcohols, the former are preferred owing to their blending characteristics (Table 1) [13,14]. In general, ethylic ethers (namely ETBE and TAEE) are preferred to methylic ones due to their properties and because they are considered bioethers, since they can be manufactured from bioethanol, a renewable energy source.…”

“…Several studies have been focused on the performance of isolated production of ETBE and TAEE in both absence and presence of water [25,[27][28][29][30]. But there is scarce information about the simultaneous production of bioethers and, more specifically, concerning equilibrium conversion and selectivity [13,14,[31][32][33][34]. Besides reducing the C 5 olefins content and using EtOH as raw material, the simultaneous production of ETBE and TAEE is a versatile and flexible process, whose integration and intensification can provide several advantages.…”