Revision of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) in Turkey

Abstract

To address taxonomic problems stemming from treatments in the Flora of Turkey and other publications, Tulipa is revised for Turkey. Following detailed morphological and cytotaxonomic studies of the taxa, Tulipa in Turkey has been found to be represented by 17 species, two subspecies and two varieties (in total 19 taxa). A new key for the species and detailed descriptions of taxa are provided, as are synonyms and typification as far as possible, distribution, habitat types, localities and conservation status of all taxa. These studies are based on approximately 1000 fresh and 2000 herbarium specimens. Adopting the classification of Van Raamsdonk & De Vries, Tulipa is divided into two subgenera, Eriostemones and Tulipa, which were previously treated as sections by Marais in Flora of Turkey following Boissier’s classification. Tulipa subgenus Eriostemones is divided into two sections following Baker's treatment: Sylvestres and Saxatiles. However, section Sylvestres is again divided into two subsections following Baker and Hall's treatments: Sylvestres and Biflores (here described). Section Saxatiles is further divided into three subsections, with the addition of two new subsections: Saxatiles, Orphanidetes and Humiles. The type subgenus Tulipa is divided into two sections: Tulipa and Clusianae. In subsection Humiles, T. pulchella is accepted at species rank, having usually been placed as a synonym of T. humilis. Some previously uncollected species (T. raddii and T. saxatilis) and a doubtful record (T. clusiana), after the first collection of material in Turkey, have been recollected and verified.

A contribution to the taxonomic delimitation of Tulipa armena (Liliaceae) and a key to the Iranian species

“…Flora of the USSR (Vvedensky, 1935), The Genus Tulipa (Hall, 1940), Flora of Turkey (Marais, 1984), Flora of Iraq (Townsend, 1985), Flora Iranica (Rechinger, 1990) and The Genus Tulipa: Tulips of the world (Everett, 2013) were used as the main literature sources to complete the identification of the specimens. The following papers on the systematics of Tulipa were also consulted during this study (Marais, 1980;Van Raamsdonk & De Vries, 1995;Ghahreman et al, 2007;Veldkamp and Zonnefeld, 2012;Christenhusz et al, 2013;Eker et al, 2014). Characters were measured on fresh and dried herbarium specimens with a ruler under a stereomicroscope.…”

Tulipa cinnabarina subsp. toprakii (Liliaceae), a new subspecies from southwestern Anatolia

“…Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbaria; EGE and AIBU. Then, we tried to identify the specimens using the keys in the taxonomic revision of Eker et al (2014) and the floras of neighbouring regions such as Iran (Rechinger 1990), Iraq (Wendelbo 1985), Syria, Palestine (Post and Dinsmore 1933), central Asia, Caucasus (Vvedensky 1935), and Europe (Grey-Wilson and Matthews 1980). In addition, the specimens were compared with similar specimens at international and national herbaria: AIBU, AEF, ANK, BM, ISTE, ISTF, GAZI, E, EGE, FUH, HUB, K, KNYA, NGBB and VANF.…”

“…In Turkey, Eker et al (2014) revised the genus Tulipa . According to detailed morphologic, geographic and cytotaxonomic studies of the taxa, the genus Tulipa was divided into two subgenera and they represented 17 species, two subspecies and two varieties (in total 19 taxa).…”

Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker

“…Most recently Christenhusz et al accepted 76 species. Most species are distributed in Central Asia and the Caucasus (65 species), Iran and adjoining regions (36 species) and Turkey (18 species) (4,5). The genus Tulipa is currently the most important bulbous geophyte in the World and contains around 35 species in the subg.…”

“…In Turkey, Eker et al revised the genus Tulipa. Due to detailed morphologic, geographic and cytotaxonomic studies of the taxa, the genus Tulipa was divided into two subgenera and they represented 17 species, two subspecies and two varieties (in total 19 taxa) (4 …”