Revision of the genus Peirates Serville, with a cladistic and biogeographic analysis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae, Peiratinae)

Abstract

The genus Peirates Serville is revised. A total of 32 species are recognized. Its species are assigned to the P. quadrinotatus, P. singularis and P. lepturoides species groups. The P. quadrinotatus species group includes P. argenteopilosus Schouteden and P. quadrinotatus Fabricius; the P. singularis species group comprises its sole species P. singularis StÅl, and the P. lepturoides species group is formed by P. atromaculatus (StÅl) (= P. buruanus Miller, P. consobrinus Miller, P. excelsus Miller, P. immaculatus Miller, P. sordidus Miller, syn. n.), P. monodi Villiers, P. mundulus StÅl, P. nanus Miller, P. niger Signoret, P. nitidicollis Reuter, P. ochripennis Jeannel, P. perinetensis Villiers, P. strepitans Rambur, P. stridulus (Fabricius), P. tellini Schouteden, P. turpis Walker, P. aurigans Distant, P balteatus Germar, P. castaneipennis Reuter, P. cinctiventris Horváth, P. collarti Schouteden, P. confusus Schouteden (= P. amieti Villiers, syn. n.), P. crudelis sp. n., P. dimidiatus Walker (= P. areatus Miller, syn. n.), P. diola Lindberg, P. hybridus (Scopoli), P. lepturoides (Wolff) (= P. mimulus Miller, P. musculus Miller, P. sparsus Miller, syn. n.), P. macilentus Miller, P. marginiventris Distant, P. maurus StÅl, P. monodi Villiers, P. mundulus StÅl, P. nanus Miller, P. nigerrimus sp. n., P. nitidicollis Reuter, P. ochripennis Jeannel, P. perinetensis Villiers, P strepitans Rambur, P. stridulus (Fabricius), P. tellini Schouteden, and P. turpis Walker. Besides, P. sepulchralis Distant and P. sin Linnavuori are transferred to Brachysandalus StÅl, and P. barbarus Miller, P. bicolor Distant, P bicoloripes Breddin, P. flavipes (Walker), P. montivagus Distant, P. pallens Miller, and P. semifasciatus to Lestomerus Amyot & Serville, and P. umbrosus StÅl to Microsandalus StÅl. P. concinnus Walker cannot be assigned to any existing genus. P. cyaneonitens Breddin was not studied, and P. parvulus (Signoret), P. punctum (Fabricius), P. vittatus Reuter are considered as nomina dubia. Species are described, illustrated, and their geographical distribution is mapped. A key for separating all the species is given. A phylogenetic analysis of the species is presented. In the cladogram, the P. quadrinotatus, P. singularis and P. lepturoides species groups are monophyletic and a sister group relationship exists between the P. quadrinotatus group and the combined P. singularis + P. lepturoides groups. The geographical distribution of the species shows an African-Indopacific generalized track with an Indian Ocean baseline. The genus Peirates is hypothesized to have a tropical Gondwanan origin, with subsequent spread into the Palearctic region.

Presence of Sphedanolestes sanguineus (Fabricius, 1794) in Turkey, followed by an annotated checklist of Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

“…Peirates stridulus (Fabricius, 1787) was mentioned by Coscarón (1997) from Asian Turkey, but according to , the record of this western Mediterranean species (unknown in Italy and Greece) should be revised.…”

An annotated catalog of the Iranian Reduvioidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha)

“…Distribution outside Iran. Turano-Mediterranean, also known from China and India (doubtful) Coscarón 1997;Aukema et al 2013).…”

“…Coscarón & Morrone (1995) reported Peirates atromaculatus (Stål, 1870) from Iran, but it is a mistaken report because all the regions which they mentioned as Iranian localities are related to Far East (Russia). Its distribution is restricted to China, Japan, tropical Asia from India to Papua New Guinea (Coscarón & Morrone 1995;Coscarón 1997;Aukema et al 2013).…”

Comparative Mitogenomics of the Assassin Bug Genus Peirates (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Peiratinae) Reveal Conserved Mitochondrial Genome Organization of P. atromaculatus, P. fulvescens and P. turpis

“…Seven species of the genus have been recorded in China [ 4 ]. Taxonomic, phylogenetic and biogeographical studies of this genus have been conducted [ 5 – 7 ]. Cladistic analysis based on 51 morphological characters showed three distinct groups in this genus: the P .…”

“…singularis group and the P . lepturoides group [ 7 ]. However, the application of molecular data to the study of this genus is nearly negligible to date, with only one complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence and 13 partial DNA sequences of two mt ( 16S rDNA and COI ) and four nuclear ( 18S , 2 8S rDNA, Wingless and Deformed ) genes from two species available at GenBank (October 17, 2014).…”