Revision des Atomgewichtes des Germaniums. I. Analyse des Germaniumtetrabromides

Hönigschmid, O.; Wintersberger, K.; Wittner, F.

doi:10.1002/zaac.19352250113

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In its 1961 report [22], CAWIA recommended A r (Ge) = 72.59, based on chemical ratio determinations by Baxter and Cooper [338,339] and Hönigschmid et al [340]. CAWIA noted that five massspectrometric measurements averaged to A r (Ge) = 72.…”

Section: Ge Germaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)

Laeter¹,

Böhlke²,

Bièvre³

et al. 2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

910

554

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Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgmentAbstract: A consistent set of internationally accepted atomic weights has long been an essential aim of the scientific community because of the relevance of these values to science and technology, as well as to trade and commerce subject to ethical, legal, and international standards. The standard atomic weights of the elements are regularly evaluated, recommended, and published in updated tables by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances (CAWIA) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). These values are invariably associated with carefully evaluated uncertainties. Atomic weights were originally determined by mass ratio measurements coupled with an understanding of chemical stoichiometry, but are now based almost exclusively on knowledge of the isotopic composition (derived from isotope-abundance ratio measurements) and the atomic masses of the isotopes of the elements. Atomic weights and atomic masses are now scaled to a numerical value of exactly 12 for the mass of the carbon isotope of mass number 12. Technological advances in mass spectrometry and nuclear-reaction energies have enabled atomic masses to be determined with a relative uncertainty of better than 1 × 10 -7 . Isotope abundances for an increasing number of elements can be measured to better than 1 × 10 -3 . The excellent precision of such measurements led to the discovery that many elements, in different specimens, display significant variations in their isotope-abundance ratios, caused by a variety of natural and industrial physicochemical processes. While such variations increasingly place a constraint on the uncertainties with which some standard atomic weights can be stated, they provide numerous opportunities for investigating a range of important phenomena in physical, chemical, cosmological, biological, and industrial processes. This review reflects the current and increasing interest of science in the measured differences between source-specific and even sample-specific atomic weights. These relative comparisons can often be made with a smaller uncertainty than is achieved in the best calibrated "absolute" (= SI-traceable) atomic-weight determinations. Accurate determinations of the atomic weights of certain elements also influence the values of fundamental constants such as the Avogadro, Faraday, and universal gas constants. This review is in two parts: the first summarizes the development of the science of atomic-weight determinations during the 20 th century; the second summarizes the changes and variations that have been recognized in the values and uncertainties of atomic weights, on an element-by-element basis, in the latter part of the 20 th century.J. R. de LAETER et al.

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Section: Ge Germaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)

Laeter¹,

Böhlke²,

Bièvre³

et al. 2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

910

554

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…HALOGEN COMPOUNDS 1. The simple germanium(IV) halides Preparation of germanium(IV) chloride: Germanium(IV) chloride is usually prepared by the action of chlorine upon metallic germanium or by the action of hydrogen chloride upon germanium(IV) oxide (9, 10, 32,24,49,55,62,78,79,121,148,149,156,188,191). The preparation of germanium(IV) chloride from germanium (IV) oxide is described in detail in Volume II of Inorganic Syntheses (55).…”

Section: Inorganic Compounds Of Germaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation of germanium(IV) bromide: Germanium(IV) bromide is prepared by passing bromine vapor over metallic germanium (34,209) or by the action of hydrobromic acid on germanium(IV) oxide (79,117). The latter method is more efficient and results in a 90 per cent yield.…”

Section: Inorganic Compounds Of Germaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Germanium and its Inorganic Compounds.

Johnson¹

1952

Chem. Rev.

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Siebenter Bericht der Atomgewichtskommission der Internationalen Union für Chemie

Baxter¹,

Hönigschmid²,

Lebeau³

1937

Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. A/B

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C P. B a s t e r Korsitzender), 0 HGnigichmid rind P P,ehe?u tEingegangen a m 22 Jnnuar 19?7 Der iolgende Bericht umfaBt die zwbli Monate voxn 30 Srpteinher 1935 Sib 30. September 1936lj Folgende Anderungen 1% urden in der Xtoingen ichtstabelle vorgenotnnien : Kohlenstoff, von 12.00 zu 12.01 ; Rubidium, von 85.44 zu 85.48; Gadolinium, von 157.3 z u 156 9 Blri. von 207 22 zu 207 21 , Uran, voxi 238 14 zu 238 07Sauerstoff. ~-Dole2) berichtet iiber eine von ilim heobachtete Differem der Mengenverhaltnisse der Isotopen des Sauerstoffs aus Luft und jenes aus den1 Wasser des Michigan-Sees, C . S. X., entsprechend 0.00008 Atomgewichts-Einheiten und befiirwortet die Wahl irgendeines reinen Isotops, wie etwa des leichten Wasserstoffs, als Basis der Atomgem ichte. Da aher die analytiscjie Genauigkeit selbst unter den giinstigsten Bedingungen nieiiials 0.001 "/b iiberschreitet, und da die Bestimmung der Atomgewichte nach chemischenMethoden ganz unabhangig von dem gewahlten Rezugselenient in den nieisten Fallen cine mehr oder minder direkte Beziehung zu Sauerstoff eirischlieWt 2), sieht sich die Kommission nicht veranlaBt, den in ihrem zweiten Bericht3) eingenommenen Standpunkt aufzugeben, daB gegenwgrtig eine Anderung der Ba.;is keinen Vorteil hedeutet i , Die Vert'i>\ei %on lbhandlungen uber Itomgewichtstragen werderi gebeteu Sotdcrdrucke ihrer kheiten jedem der Mitglieder der Koxnmlssion 2x1 ubersenderr Inschriften Prof ( 7 P I3 a x t e r , Coolidxe I,aboratory, Harvard Unirersity, Cambridge, Nass , L-S X Prof 0 Honigschrnid, Sophienstr q 2 Nunchen 2, NW, Deutschland, Prot P 1 , e b e a u Facult6 de Pharmacie 4 Ave te I'Observatoire, Paris 6"\, Prankreich Journ Aruer chtrn k c 37 3 3 1 l'J3 J w x n clietu Physlcs 4 5 8 '19361 3) B 65 42 r19321 1111. i X X A 4 1937. -4 ~ Wasserstoff. -\Venn auch in der cliesjahrigen TabeIIe keine .Anderung des Atomgewichtes des Wasserstoffs yorgenomnien T I ird, erscheint es do& auf Grund massenspektroskopischer Messungen 4)immer wahrscheinlicher, da13 das Atomgenicht des Wasserstoffs um 0 0002-0 0003 Einheiten hoher ist als der derzeit gultige Wert. Wie Moles5) hervorgehoben hat, .\surden die bisherigen chemischen Bestimniungen geu ohnlich mit elektrolytischem Wasserstoff ausgefuhrt, der infolge teilweiser Isotopentrennung einen linter dem normalen Wert Iiegenden Gehalt an Deuterium besitzt. Kohlenstoff. --T o r a l und Ilioles6) hestininiten die I k h t e \ o n Kohlendiosyd, dax dureh thermische Zersetzung von Satriunibicarbonat gewonnen 1% ar, xmd erhielten dabei folgende Xitteln-erte (EinLeln erte n erden nicht angegeben) : 1301. TTnii-. &intiago, ( J k t . -I h 1Y35. *; B 68 Z W " '1935:. A 4+ l o ) Joiirn. -4mer them. SIC -5b, 365 370 L1W6~_.

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Revision des Atomgewichtes des Germaniums. I. Analyse des Germaniumtetrabromides

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)

Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)

Germanium and its Inorganic Compounds.

Siebenter Bericht der Atomgewichtskommission der Internationalen Union für Chemie

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