Revised and new reference values for some trace elements in blood and urine for human biomonitoring in environmental medicine

Wilhelm, Michael; Ewers, U.; Schulz, Christine

doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00260

Cited by 211 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Geometric mean of urinary As sum was 6.0 and the 95th percentile was 17.7 mg/l. For comparison, the reference value for As in urine established by the German Human Biomonitoring Commission is 15 mg/l (Wilhelm et al, 2004). Table 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For interpretation of the results, there are reference values available in Germany. Based on the German Environmental Survey 1998 GerES III (Becker et al, 2003), the German Human Biomonitoring Commission has established a reference value for As in urine of 15 mg/l (Wilhelm et al, 2004). For risk assessment, chemical speciation of As in urine is important (WHO, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of arsenic levels in fingernails with urinary As species as biomarkers of arsenic exposure in residents living close to a coal-burning power plant in Prievidza District, Slovakia

Wilhelm

Pesch

Wittsiepe

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The associations between As levels in fingernails with both As concentrations in urine and environmental samples are reported. The participants (aged 20-80 years, mean 66 years) lived in the vicinity of a coal-burning power plant with high As emissions in the Prievidza District, Slovakia. Samples were taken in 1999 and 2000. The As levels in fingernails (n ¼ 524) were measured after washing and digestion with microwave heating by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The spot urine samples (n ¼ 436) were speciated for inorganic As (As inorg ), monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) by hydride-cryogenic trap-atomic absorption spectrometry. The geometric mean As level in fingernails was 0.10 mg/g (range, o0.01-2.94 mg/g). There was a clear association between As in fingernails and the distance of the home to the power plant (Po0.001). Geometric mean As levels were: 0.17 mg/g distance r5 km, 0.10 mg/g 6-10 km and 0.08 mg/g 4 10 km. The association between the distance to the power plant and total urinary As (As sum ) (n ¼ 436, no fish consumption during the last 3 days before sample collection) was less pronounced (P ¼ 0.018). The As levels in fingernails were positively correlated to As in soil (n ¼ 207, r ¼ 0.23, Po0.001) and to As in house dust (n ¼ 209, r ¼ 0.30, Po0.001). The associations between urinary As sum and As concentrations in soil (n ¼ 159, r ¼ 0.13, Po0.105) and in house dust (n ¼ 162, r ¼ 0.14, Po0.081) were quite similar. As levels in fingernails were associated with urinary As sum and with the different As species in urine. It is concluded that As levels in fingernails are a reliable marker of environmental As exposure, and that As concentrations in fingernails reflect the As exposure in a similar manner compared with urinary As sum and As species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of arsenic levels in fingernails with urinary As species as biomarkers of arsenic exposure in residents living close to a coal-burning power plant in Prievidza District, Slovakia

Wilhelm

Pesch

Wittsiepe

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Nonetheless, these data may be useful at a local level. For example, in Germany, the reference values are intended to indicate the upper margin of the current background exposure of the general population and to identify subjects with an increased level of exposure 55) . The results of biological monitoring can be used for evaluating the background contamination or the trends regarding contamination in different countries.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Magnitude Of Exposure Against The Referencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Jakubowski

Trzcinka-Ochocka

2005

Journal of Occupational Health

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In the United States it belongs rather to the field of occupational hygiene. It seems that both the approaches can be accepted. More attention should be paid to the development of the truly health-based biomarkers of exposure based on the dose-effect and dose-response relationships. New areas of application of BM of occupational exposure include determination of DNA and protein adducts, unchanged volatile organic compounds in urine, monitoring of exposure to pesticides, antineoplastic drugs, hard metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the general environment BM is the most valuable tool for acquiring knowledge of current levels of internal exposure to xenobiotics, identifying the hot spots and developments in trends of exposure. BM can provide policy makers with more accurate information on the control measures undertaken. At present, the main areas include heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and pesticides. BM of chemical exposure has become increasingly important in the assessment of the health risk in occupational and environmental medicine. Therefore it would be worthwhile to include BM in the curricula for the training of occupational hygienists. (J Occup Health 2005; 47: 22-48)

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“…Dos aspectos se destacan de los resultados obtenidos: primero, que en ambas ciudades los niveles son elevados comparados con la literatura interna- [11][12][13][14][15] ; segundo que la ciudad clasificada como expuesta (Mejillones) supera en 25% el nivel de Ni urinario de la ciudad no expuesta (Tocopilla). Efectivamente estos niveles son elevados en comparación con los valores reportados en niños en la escasa literatura disponible.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Nivel de níquel urinario en niños residentes en ciudades cercanas a megafuentes

et al. 2008

Rev. méd. Chile

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Revised and new reference values for some trace elements in blood and urine for human biomonitoring in environmental medicine

Cited by 211 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of arsenic levels in fingernails with urinary As species as biomarkers of arsenic exposure in residents living close to a coal-burning power plant in Prievidza District, Slovakia

Comparison of arsenic levels in fingernails with urinary As species as biomarkers of arsenic exposure in residents living close to a coal-burning power plant in Prievidza District, Slovakia

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Nivel de níquel urinario en niños residentes en ciudades cercanas a megafuentes

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