Childhood lead poisoning is a man-madedisease whose magnitude has not yet been measured in Chile. In the U.S. A. it has been estimated that 4 percent of children have elevated blood lead levels and that among poor black children, this rate is as high as 18 percent. The main sources of symptomatic lead poisoning are lead-based paint used in interior and exterior house surfaces, airbone lead from leaded gasoline and industrial emissions. Lead can be transferred from any source to soil and dust. Other sources of lead are contamined food and water, occupational sources, and lead glazed pottery. Neurological symptoms (hyperactivity, distractibility, lower intellectual development), psychological difficulties (behavioral deficits), hematologic abnormalities (reduction in the biosyntesis of heme, anemia), and metabolic changes (reduction in concentration of 1 -25 dihydroxy vitamin D and in the metabolism of erythrocyte pyrimidine) have been shown to occur in lead poisoning. Recent data suggests that prenatal exposure to lead my be related to minor congenital abnormalities, tumors of the kidney, and growth abnormalities. (Key words: lead poisoning, chronic lead exposure, elevated blood lead level.) La interaction de la especie humana con su medio ambiente produce multiples efectos, algunos beneficos y otros dafunos.El desarrollo industrial ha traido aparejada la acumulation de distintos elementos potencialmente toxicos para el organismo, entre estos el plomo, que se encuentra en el medio ambiente principalmente como resultado de dicha actividad y no tiene hasta el momento una funcion fisiologica conotida, pero si efectos adversos para la salud humana. Fuentes de plomoAire. El plomo del aire proviene principalmente de las emisiones producidas por los vehiculos de locomotion que utilizan gasolina plomada. En Chile, el plomo se utiliza en la gasolina como elemento antidetonante. La gasolina actualmente en
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