Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: Long term effects of plane of nutrition on the performance of the dairy cow

Broster, W. H.; Broster, Valerie J.

doi:10.1017/s0022029900023414

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…In certain trials (Kennedy et al, 2007;Roche, 2007), the authors describe a significant carryover effect on milk and fat yield, but its persistence is actually rather limited (1 to 2 months). The amplitude and duration of this delayed effect depend initially on the importance of the main effect of the treatment and the observed duration of the carryover effect (Broster and Broster, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different feeding strategies on lactation performance of Holstein and Normande dairy cows

Delaby

Faverdin

Michel

et al. 2009

Animal

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The dairy farming systems of Western Europe are based on a simple feeding system composed of grazed and preserved grass, maize silage and concentrates in variable proportions. There is, nevertheless, a great diversity of feeding strategies between dairy farms. Over 5 years, we studied the direct and delayed effects of four feeding strategies on the lactation and reproduction performances of Holstein and Normande dairy cows. The four feeding strategies (denoted Hh, Hl, Lh and Ll) correspond to two total mixed rations applied in winter from calving to turnout (maize silage with 30% concentrate or grass silage with 15% concentrate), which were subsequently crossed with two levels of concentrate supplementation at grazing to 210 days. Each year, 72 dairy cows managed in grouped winter calving were assigned to the four strategies. Finally, the results of 325 lactations and 295 inseminated cows were analysed. The four strategies resulted in considerable variation in nutrient intake and, in particular, in differences in concentrates consumed, with values of 1407, 1026, 773 and 392 kg dry matter per cow for strategies Hh, Lh, Hl and Ll, respectively. Total milk production (7567, 7015, 6720 and 6238 kg per cow for treatments Hh, Lh, Hl and Ll, respectively), milk fat content (39.0, 37.1, 40.3 and 38.5 g/kg, respectively), milk protein content (33.0, 31.8, 33.1 and 31.6 g/kg, respectively), and the character of the lactation and body condition curves were all highly sensitive to the strategies applied. While no significant interaction was detected on total lactation yield, the Holstein cows reacted more dramatically to each dietary change at each period, compared with the Normande cows. Winter feeding did not affect the production of milk at pasture whereas, at pasture, the milk from the cows of the H groups in winter was higher in milk fat and protein content. Reproduction performance was unaffected by feeding strategy. The Holstein cows, well fed and producing the most milk (Hh and Hb), had the lowest rate of success at first artificial inseminations (21.5%). The dual-purpose Normande cows had a pregnancy rate 10 points higher than Holstein cows. This comparison of strongly contrasting feeding strategies confirms the immediate reactivity of dairy cows (in terms of milk performance and body condition) to variations of nutritive intake throughout lactation, with a weak carryover effect from feeding levels early in lactation. In contrast, reproduction performance was less sensitive to variation in nutrient supply. Keywords: dairy cows, feeding strategy, lactation, reproduction, breed ImplicationsThe main objective of this 5-year experiment was to describe the dairy cows' ability to adapt their lactation and reproductive functions to different feeding strategies applied during lactation. These original results provide practical information on breed, feeding system effects and their interaction, and will help advisors and farmers to choose the most efficient systems according to the economic circumstances. IntroductionIn Fra...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different feeding strategies on lactation performance of Holstein and Normande dairy cows

Delaby

Faverdin

Michel

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…The present study is consistent with this view that peak yield substantially sets the performance of the whole lactation; both peak yield and total lactation yield was greater in the right gland by the same percentage. Clearly peak yield was not uniquely determined by genetic factors (Broster & Broster, 1984) but may be influenced by the animal's treatment during early lactation. In the present study peak, but not persistency, was locally controlled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Long‐term Thrice‐daily Milking on Milk Secretion in the Goat: Evidence for Mammary Growth

1985

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SUMMARYGoats were milked twice daily for 2-4 weeks after parturition. For the remaining 9 months of lactation, the right mammary gland was milked thrice daily while the left gland was milked twice daily. In the first and second weeks of thrice-daily milking the milk yield of the right gland increased relative to the left gland. Subsequently there was only a slight increase in the difference in milk yields between the glands, which reached a maximum after 10 weeks. Total yield of the right gland for the period of thrice-daily milking was significantly higher, by 30%, than that of the left gland. The peak yield of the right gland was significantly greater, by 29%, than that of the left gland. There was no significant difference between the rates of decline of yield (persistency) from peak lactation. There were no significant differences in the composition of the milk from the two glands with respect to Na+, K+, Cl-, lactose, protein, citrate, fat or calcium. At 40 weeks of lactation the weight of the right gland was significantly higher than that of the left gland and the weight of the parenchyma of the right gland was also significantly higher, by a similar percentage. At this stage of lactation, milk yield of the right gland was 43 % higher than the left gland, while the weight of tissue was 34 % higher. Thus over three-quarters of the difference in yield was accounted for by the greater gland size, and the remainder by greater milk secretion per unit weight of tissue. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms responsible for the greater yield on long-term, thrice-daily milking. It is proposed that the extra milking led to growth of the mammary gland, facilitating the greater milk production.

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“…The stage of lactation can affect the magnitude of milk response to supplements because energy is partitioned more towards BCS and less towards milk synthesis as lactation progresses (Broster & Broster 1984). It has been reported that the immediate milk response to supplements was greater in early lactation, decreasing thereafter (Stockdale et al 1998;Kellaway & Harrington 2004).…”

Section: Stage Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stocking rate, supplementation, genotype and their interactions on grazing dairy systems: a review

Baudracco

López‐Villalobos

Holmes

et al. 2010

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The main effects of, and the interactions between, stocking rate (SR), supplementation and genotype on dry matter (DM) intake, herbage utilisation, milk production and profitability of grazing dairy systems have been reviewed. The SR determines the average herbage allowance (HA) per cow and therefore has a major effect on herbage intake (HI) and on the productivity of grazing dairy systems. In this review, the effect of HA on HI is presented separately for two groups of studies: those that measured allowance at ground level and those that measured allowance at a cutting height of 3Á5 cm above ground level. HI and milk yield per hectare usually increase as SR increases. However, there is generally an associated reduction in HI and milk yield per cow because of the decrease in average HA at a higher SR. The dual objectives of adequate level of feeding per cow and high herbage utilisation per hectare can be achieved through the inclusion of supplements. The milk response to supplements depends mainly on the size of the relative energy deficit between potential energy demand and actual energy supply. The relative energy deficit determines both energy partitioning within the cow and substitution rate. The relative energy deficit is increased by either a high demand for energy within the cow or by a deficit of dietary energy available to meet the demand. Cows of different genotype differ in their potential for milk yield. Cows with high genetic potential for milk yield undergo higher relative energy deficits under grazing dairy systems, resulting in lower substitution rates, higher milk responses to supplements, but also lower body condition score, which, in turn, leads to lower reproductive performance. Whole-farm experiments in many countries have demonstrated that the inclusion of supplements, with a concomitant increase in SR, can have synergistic effects in improving the productivity of grazing dairy systems. Overall, the level of supplementation required per cow and the optimum SR depend on the genetic potential of the cow, the size of the responses to supplement, the value of milk and the costs of feeding supplements.

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Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: Long term effects of plane of nutrition on the performance of the dairy cow

Cited by 66 publications

References 173 publications

Effect of different feeding strategies on lactation performance of Holstein and Normande dairy cows

Effect of different feeding strategies on lactation performance of Holstein and Normande dairy cows

The Effects of Long‐term Thrice‐daily Milking on Milk Secretion in the Goat: Evidence for Mammary Growth

Effects of stocking rate, supplementation, genotype and their interactions on grazing dairy systems: a review

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