Reviewing the Protective Role of Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Caused by Free Radicals

Sultan, Sameena; Sultan,

doi:10.21276/apjhs.2014.1.4.15

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These deleterious effects can cause further changes in cellular components, such as the lipid peroxidation of membrane phospholipids. Thus, cell damage affects tissues, organs, and systems and can trigger the emergence or progression of various diseases, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cancer [1][2][3][4]. Natural compounds with antioxidant properties are able to attenuate oxidative stress, keeping RE levels low and facilitating the prevention and treatment of these diseases [5,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the level of REs exceeds the anti-oxidant capacity of the organism, damage to macromolecules (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) is observed. The accumulation of these deleterious effects triggers the development of several diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vascular endothelial dysfunction [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spondias purpurea L. Bark Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress and Reduces Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Antunes

Alfredo

Cunha

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Oxidative stress plays a key role in the initiation and progression of metabolic diseases, including obesity. Preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to macromolecules is a beneficial strategy for reducing comorbidities associated with obesity. Fruits from the Spondias genus are known for their antioxidant activity, but they are not available year-round due to their seasonality. In this context, we investigated the antioxidant activity and identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. (EBSp). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of EBSp consumption on metabolic parameters in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Chemical analyses revealed 19 annotated compounds from EBSp, including flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, methoxylated coumarin, and gallic and ellagic acids, besides other phenolic compounds. In vitro, EBSp showed antioxidant activity through the scavenging of the free radicals and the protection of macromolecules against oxidative damage. Cellular assays revealed that EBSp reduced the levels of malondialdehyde produced by erythrocytes exposed to the oxidizing agent AAPH. Flow cytometry studies showed that EBSp reduced reactive oxygen species levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Obese mice treated with EBSp (400 mg.kg-1) for 60 days showed reduced levels of malondialdehyde in the heart, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. The total cholesterol levels in mice treated with EBSp reached levels similar to those after treatment with the drug simvastatin. Together, the results show that the combination of the different phenolic compounds in S. purpurea L. bark promotes antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo, resulting in cytoprotection in the context of oxidative stress associated with obesity and a reduction in hypercholesterolemia. From a clinical perspective, the reduction in oxidative stress in obese individuals contributes to the reduction in the emergence of comorbidities associated with this metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spondias purpurea L. Bark Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress and Reduces Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Antunes

Alfredo

Cunha

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…As reviewed from Sultan [8], free radicals can originate either from the environment, physiological processes or endogenous sources.…”

Section: Sources Of Free Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Radicals and the Role of Plant Phytochemicals as Antioxidants Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases

Engwa¹

2018

Phytochemicals - Source of Antioxidants and Role in Disease Prevention

138

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Free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from various sources in the environment as well as from cellular processes in the body are of serious health challenges. Overwhelming levels of these free radicals disrupt the antioxidant defense system in the body thereby damaging cell membranes and cellular macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids leading to cell death or causing mutations leading to uncontrolled cell division. Once the cellular antioxidant system is disrupted and becomes deficient, oxidative stress emerges thereby promoting several diseases such as diabetes, arthrosclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Better management of oxidative stress requires antioxidants from external sources to supplement the body's antioxidant defense system. Because of their natural origin and therapeutic benefits, plants have been considered as a major source of antioxidants. Certain non-enzymatic plant phytochemicals such as glutathione, polyphenols, bioflavonoids, carotenoids, hydroxycinnamates as well as some vitamins have shown to possess antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo. These plant phytochemicals are now been used in the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.

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“…Several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammatory diseases, and premature aging, are related to oxidative stress [ 1 ]. Oxidative stress stems from excess of free radicals in the body and low antioxidant activity, resulting in damage to essential biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Profile of Senna velutina Leaves and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects

Campos

Castro

Damião

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Natural products can be a source of biomolecules with antioxidant activity which are able to prevent oxidative stress-induced diseases and show antitumor activity, making them important sources of new anticancer drug prototypes. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of an ethanol extract of Senna velutina leaves and to assess its antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in leukemic cells. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and by examining the extract's inhibition of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. Its cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action were assessed in Jurkat and K562 leukemic cell lines. The ethanol extract contained flavonoids, such as epigallocatechin, epicatechin, kaempferol heteroside, rutin, and dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidin derivatives. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and antihemolytic action, and it decreased malondialdehyde content in human erythrocytes. Furthermore, the extract also induced leukemic cell death by activating intracellular calcium and caspase-3, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, and arresting the cell cycle in S and G2 phases. Hence, S. velutina leaf extract contains antioxidant and antileukemic biomolecules with potential applications in diseases associated with oxidative stress and in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.

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Reviewing the Protective Role of Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Caused by Free Radicals

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Spondias purpurea L. Bark Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress and Reduces Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Spondias purpurea L. Bark Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress and Reduces Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Free Radicals and the Role of Plant Phytochemicals as Antioxidants Against Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases

The Chemical Profile of Senna velutina Leaves and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects

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