Review: Wind impacts on plant growth, mechanics and damage

Gardiner, Barry; Berry, Peter; Moulia, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.01.006

Cited by 387 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Ring width had subtle variations with height, likely influenced by the swell that occurs at the base of the stem [72]. Since differences with disk height were not observed for latewood or earlywood SG, we attribute the changes in SG by height to a corresponding decrease in latewood percent with height in the tree.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The random effects for the model are b 0i and b 0ij , representing the random effect of the asymptote parameter (β 0 ) at the site and tree levels, respectively. To account for the butt swell that occurs in trees due to wind [72], we added a fixed effect (β 2 ) for the ring width term to vary by disk height, and as such model 5 is as follows:…”

Section: Ring Width Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Dahlen

Auty

Eberhardt

2018

Forests

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Abstract:Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is increasingly grown on intensively managed plantations that yield high growth rates. Wood properties, including specific gravity (SG), change with cambial age, and thus intensively managed trees contain a high proportion of low density corewood when harvested because of reduced rotation lengths. This study was undertaken to develop models of ring-level properties (SG and width) in intensively managed loblolly pine plantations. Ninety-three trees from five stands aged from 24 to 33 years were harvested, and 490 disks were obtained from in between the 5.2-m logs that were cut, and at the merchantable top. The disks were cut into pith-to-bark radial strips that were scanned on an X-ray densitometer, and the resultant data analyzed using non-linear mixed-effects models. The fixed effects of the models, which included cambial age and for some models disk height and ring width, were able to explain 56, 46, 54, 16, and 46 percent of the within-tree variation for ring SG, ring width, latewood SG, earlywood SG, and latewood percent, respectively. To assess implications for wood utilization, a modeled tree was built by using height, diameter, and taper equations and these models were linked with the developed ring SG model to produce a tree properties map. The linked information was also used to generate tree and log SG and proportion of corewood values for different rotation ages. The results from this study are a step towards integrating wood quality models into growth-and-yield modeling systems that are important for loblolly pine plantation management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Ring Width Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Dahlen

Auty

Eberhardt

2018

Forests

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“…However, elastic self-similarity is based on buckling under self-weight, which is almost unheard of in the natural world except in the case of extremely slender trees growing under unusual circumstances [9]. In addition, comparisons with broad datasets have shown that this scaling holds true only for trees of exceptionally tall stature, many of which emerge above the canopy of the surrounding forest (i.e., tree champions).…”

Section: Virot Et Al [E Virot Et Al Physmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Critical wind speed at which trees break”

Albrecht¹,

Badel

Bonnesoeur

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. E

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“…The local wind regime (frequency, magnitude, duration, direction, seasonality), small-scale differences in air flow due to topography and vegetation, other climatic factors, plant morphology, and plant ecophysiology, can influence patterns of plant growth (Anten et al, 2010;Holtmeier and Broll, 2010;Gardiner et al, 2016). Asymmetry in trees exposed to strong winds can occur by physical damage (wind or wind-blown particles) or asymmetric growth due to biomechanical properties of wood under stress (Telewski, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%