Comment on “Critical wind speed at which trees break”

Albrecht, Axel; Badel, Éric; Bonnesoeur, Vivien; Constant, Thiéry; Défossez, Pauline; Langre, Emmanuel de; Dupont, Sylvain; Fournier, Mériem; Gardiner, Barry; Mitchell, Stephen J.; Moore, John R.; Moulia, Bruno; Nicoll, Bruce; Niklas, Karl J.; Schelhaas, M.J.; Spatz, Hans Christof; Telewski, Frank W.

doi:10.1103/physreve.94.067001

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although the conclusions of Ref. [1] seemed to match the field observations, there are important loose ends to be tied [14]. For instance, their pencil lead always breaks at the fixed end which is apparently unlike the fate of real trees in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Role of Crown in Tree Resistance Against High Winds

Li,

Cheng,

Yang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rather than using wooden sticks to simulate the breakage of trees in high winds as in most research, we employed fresh samples with branches and leaves to certify the crucial role played by the tree crown. By using the blowdown wind tunnel with a maximum wind speed of 60 m/s, we purposely reduce the number of leaves and show that the drag force will drop by as much as two thirds when half pruned. Based on real observations, we model the leaf by an open and full cone in the presence of light and strong wind, and calculate how their corresponding cross-sectional area and drag force vary with wind speed. Different power-law relations are predicted and confirmed by experiments for these properties before and after the formation of a full cone. Compared to the empirical value of 1/3 and 3/4, our simple model gave 2/5 and 2/3 for the power-law exponent of cross-sectional area at low and high winds. Discrepancy can be accounted for by including further details, such as the reorientation of open cones and the movement of branches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Role of Crown in Tree Resistance Against High Winds

Li,

Cheng,

Yang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Substituting C 1 = C 3 = C 4 = 0, C 2 = 2κ 0 into Eq. (13), and then regarding ξ = ρA EI 1 4 s √ t as a selfsimilarity variable, Eq. 14is rewritten as…”

Section: Dynamic Mathematical Model After Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Spaghetti Breaking Dynamics

Zhang¹,

X²,

Dai³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Why are pieces of spaghetti generally broken into three to ten segments instead of two as one thinks? How can one obtain the desired number of fracture segments? For these problems, in this paper a strand of spaghetti is considered an elastic rod, and the finite-element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the detailed fracture dynamics of the elastic rod. By changing the size (length and diameter) of the rod, the relevant data on the fracture limit curvature and the number of fractured segments of the elastic rod are obtained. The ABAQUS simulation results confirm the scientific judgment of B. Audoly and S. Neukirch (Fragmentation of rods by cascading cracks: Why spaghetti does not break in half. Phys Rev Lett 95: 095505). Using dimensional analysis to fit the finite-element data, two relations of the elastic rod fracture dynamics are obtained: (1) the relationship between the fracture limit curvature and the diameter, and (2) the relationship between the number of fracture segments and the diameter-length ratio. Results reveal that when the length is constant, the larger the diameter (the smaller the diameter-length ratio D/L), the smaller the limit curvature; and the larger the diameter-length ratio D/L, the fewer the number of fractured segments. The relevant formulations can be used to obtain the desired number of broken segments of spaghetti by changing the diameter-to-length ratio.

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“…Moreover, predicting the dynamic response of a natural tree itself is a complex task due to the anisotropy in the material properties of the plant (James, 2017). The tree trunk wood of natural trees is known to have a radial anisotropy, resulting in a more complex mechanical response compared to isotropic materials (Albrecht et al, 2016).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of flow field and drag coefficient of model and small natural trees in a wind tunnel

Manickathan

Defraeye

Allegrini

et al. 2018

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

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drag coefficient ⋅ model trees ⋅ natural trees ⋅ particle image velocimetry ⋅ wind tunnel 22 23 Highlights 1. The Vogel exponent quantifies the degree of reconfiguration of the trees 2. Small young natural trees reconfigure significantly more than large mature trees 3. Small model trees do not exhibit the reconfiguration phenomenon 4. Reconfiguration has an influence on the sheltering provided by the trees 5. During winter, deciduous trees have a negligible influence on wind flow

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Comment on “Critical wind speed at which trees break”

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Role of Crown in Tree Resistance Against High Winds

Role of Crown in Tree Resistance Against High Winds

Spaghetti Breaking Dynamics

Comparative study of flow field and drag coefficient of model and small natural trees in a wind tunnel

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