“…A review by Veluswamy et al (2018) documented and discussed in detail the different materials applied for methane hydrate formation, e.g., silica gel, dry water, dry gel, sand, zeolite, and hollow silica, which are used as a fixed bed for hydrate reaction. Another review conducted by Nashed et al (2018) shed light on the nanomaterials for gas hydrate formation, where various metal-based particles, like nano-Ag, Cu, CuO, and ZnO were discussed, and it was concluded that nanoparticles not only could help to promote mass transfer but they could also contribute to heat transfer enhancement in the hydrate reaction. Additionally, some non-metal materials such as silica nanoparticles (Wang et al, 2019), graphene (Wang et al, 2017), and carbon nanotubes (Pasieka et al, 2014) exhibited excellent performance in promoting gas storage capacities and hydrate formation rate.…”